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ANATOMY > 12th Evals 2018 - Eye & Ear (Neuro Gx - inc, Hx, Embryo) study hardcopy > Flashcards

12th Evals 2018 - Eye & Ear (Neuro Gx - inc, Hx, Embryo) study hardcopy Flashcards

1
Q

Eye compartment/s that contain/s aqueus humor

A

anterior and posterior chamber

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2
Q

Eye compartment/s that contain/s vitreous humor

A

vitreous chamber

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3
Q

where the basal lamina of the corneal epithelium rests.

layer of the cornea

A

Bowman’s membrane

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4
Q

blood supply of the rods and cones (outer layers) in the retina comes from the

A

capillaries of the choroid

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5
Q

muscle fibers responsible for accommodation are in the:

A

uveal region of the ciliary body

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6
Q

cells that comprise the constrictor and dilator pupillae are

A

myoepithelial cells

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7
Q

canal of Schlemm

  • the endothelial-lined tubes
  • serve as drainage channels for acqueous humor
  • located in the ___
A

sclera

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8
Q

largest fenestrated capillaries in the body are found in the:

A

choriocapillary layer of the choroid

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9
Q

The optic nerve is made up of the axons of the:

A

ganglion cells

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10
Q

The horizontal neurons synapse with the other retinal neurons in the:

A

outer plexiform layer

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11
Q

The flattened discs in the apex of their photoreceptors are continuously being shed by the rod cells but not by the cone cells.

A

photoreceptor cells in the retina

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12
Q

Region that is devoid of a lining or covering epithelium

A

anterior surface of the iris

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13
Q

The cells that produce retinal from the active form of vitamin A are located in the

A

pigment epithelium of the retina

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14
Q

Glands that are embedded in the tarsal plate of the eyelids

A

meibomian glands &

Ciaccio’s glands

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15
Q

lacrimal glands - what type of glands?

A

compound tubuloalveolar glands.

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16
Q

epithelial lining of bulbar conjunctiva

A

stratified columnar

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17
Q
  • composed of auricle and the external auditory meatus;
  • outer third of the external auditory meatus is made up cartilaginous framework;
  • separated from the middle ear by the tympanum.
A

external ear

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18
Q

framework of the auricle is made of a single piece of irregular-shaped _____ cartilage.

A

ELASTIC

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19
Q

The auricle or pinna is made-up of what type of cartilage?

A

elastic

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20
Q

Ceruminous glands
found in the outer third of the
external auditory canal are what type of glands?

A

modified sweat gland

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21
Q

lateral border of the middle ear

A

tympanum

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22
Q

the middle layer of the tympanic membrane is composed of

  • Outer collagenous fibers that are arranged in ___ pattern;
  • Inner collagenous fibers that are arranged in ____ pattern
A
  • radial

- circular

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23
Q

epithelium that lines the distal third of the auditory tube

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

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24
Q

articulating surfaces of the three (3) OSSICLES are lined by what type of cartilage

A

HYALINE

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25
Q

secures the footplate of stapes into the oval window

A

Annular ligament

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26
Q

located within the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

inner ear

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27
Q

forms the center of the bony labyrinth

A

Vestibule

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28
Q

Endolymph is/are found in

A

both
Scala media and
Membranous labyrinth

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29
Q

cochlear duct communicates with the saccule through

A

Hensen’s duct

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30
Q

forms the roof of the scala media

A

Reissner’s membrane

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31
Q

produces the endolymph in the scala media

A

Stria vascularis

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32
Q

gelatinous glycoprotein material that embeds the stereocilia and kinocilium of hair cells in the cristae is called as:

A

Cupola

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33
Q

The “pars optica retinae” will differentiate into:

A

retina

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34
Q

“pars ceca retinae” will give rise to:

A

iris & ciliary body

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35
Q

The “optic placode” will directly participate in the formation of what eye-structure?

A

lens

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36
Q

The “surface-ectoderm” derived parts of the eye-globe

A

outermost layer of cornea & lens

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37
Q

The “optic stalk” will participate in the formation of:

A

optic nerve, chiasm, & tract

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38
Q

The “optic cup” will differentiate into

A

10 layers of the retina

39
Q

Condensed “mesodermal” mesenchymal cells will give rise to the following eye-structures, EXCEPT:
A. hyaloid artery & vein
B. outermost layer of cornea & lens
C. vitreous humor & aqueous humor
D. extraocular muscles, sclera, & choroid

A

outermost layer of cornea & lens

40
Q

The following are “ECTODERM-derived” eye-structures, EXCEPT: A. outermost layer of the cornea
B. dilator & sphincter pupillary muscles
C. lens
D. superior & inferior oblique & recti muscles

A

superior & inferior oblique & recti muscles

41
Q

The following eye-developmental milestones happen during 7th week (approximately 42-49 days) Age-of-Gestation, EXCEPT:
A. detachment of “hyaloid artery” from the posterior-most wall of primordial lens
B. “lens placode” starts to appear
C. closure of “choroid fissure”
D. the mouth of the optic cup becomes the “pupil” of the primordial eye

A

“lens placode” starts to appear

42
Q

The following statements achieve & maintain clarity of “primordial lens”? EXCEPT:
A. beta, gamma, & alpha crystallins as induced by Crystallin genes
B. continuous & sustained arterial supply coming from “hyaloid artery”
C. pseudoenucleation of lens fibers of posterior lens wall
D. lens fibers lose almost all mitochondria & endoplasmic reticula

A

continuous & sustained arterial supply coming from “hyaloid artery”

43
Q

The “semicircular canals’” immediate anlage:

A

utricle

44
Q

The “cochlea & modiolus’” immediate anlage:

A

saccule’s tubular outgrowth

45
Q

The “pinna” (colloquially “external ear”) is a derivative of:

A

condensed auricular hillocks

46
Q

The “external auditory meatus” is derived from:

A

first pharyngeal cleft

47
Q

Tympanic cavity & Eustachian Tube” are derivatives of:

A

first pharyngeal pouch

48
Q

The only adult “ear” structure which derived from three germ layers:

A

myringa, fibrous stratum & inner lining of the “ear drum”

49
Q

According to Modern-Modified/Alternative Theory of BONY EAR OSSICLES formation: “these bony structures are considered SECOND PHARYNGEAL ARCH-in-origin”:

A

the whole stapes; umbo/handle of malleus; & lenticular process of long crus of incus

50
Q

According to Classic/Traditional Theory of BONY EAR OSSICLES formation: “the only bone of the middle ear which is considered SECOND PHARYNGEAL ARCH-in-origin”:

A

stapes

51
Q

The “sixth Auricular Hillock” will differentiate into:

A

antitragus

52
Q

The “first Auricular Hillock” will differentiate into:

A

tragus

53
Q

The “fourth Auricular Hillock”, most-of-the-time, will participate in the formation of the following “pinnal” structures, EXCEPT:
A. Darwinian tubercle
B. scapha
C. inferolateral helix & whole antihelix
D. antitragus & ear lobule

A

D. antitragus & ear lobule

54
Q

The “otic placode” will give rise to:

A

inner ear

55
Q

The “otic placode” will start to form & appear during what age-of-gestation (AOG)?

A

22nd day AOG

56
Q

The “stapes” is derived from which eponymous cartilage?

A

Reichert’s

57
Q

The eponymous space/canal left by the degenerated distal hyaloid blood vessels:

A

Cloquet’s

58
Q

Master gene for “eye” per se formation:

A

PAX-6

59
Q

Master gene for “optic nerve” formation:

A

PAX-2

60
Q

Immediate master genes for “10th layer” of the retina formation, differentiation, & development:

A

MITF + TGF-b

61
Q

Master gene for segmentation/layering of the inner neural layer of pars optica retinae into “first 9 layers of the retina”:

A

CHX-10

62
Q

Gene responsible for the invagination of optic vesicle into “optic cup”:

A

none as of now

63
Q

unilateral preauricular pit [(+) A.D. preauricular pit]…&raquo_space; rule-in or rule-out __

A

Lachiewicz-Sibley Syndrome”

64
Q

parang peanut na ear

A

Grade 3, A.D. Microtia

65
Q

Madeline McCann’s distinct feature:

A

(+) A.D. 7 o’clock position Coloboma Iridis

66
Q

type of Dichromacy (see illustration)

A

Tritanopic-type

67
Q

congenital external eye defects (as shown in illustration); unremarkable (normal) findings of the index patient’s external genitalia

A

Fraser-François-Meyer-Ullrich-Feichtiger-Schwickerath Syndrome

68
Q

tumor enroaching the left inferior orbital fissure - manifestation?

A

left maxillary teeth pain (CN V2)

69
Q

left eye deviated medially

A

Superior orbital fissure

Extraocular muslces (lateral rectus CN VI)

70
Q

periorbital swelling of the right eye,
right periorbital rim is swollen,
Visual field test revealed normal,
Sensory loss was noted on the upper right eyelid and forehead..

A

Supraorbital rim fracture, right

CN V1- supplies conjunctiva of the eye, frontal sinus, skin of the forehead

71
Q

bulging left eye,
anterior neck mass,
Thyroid function test is within normal limits.

A

Mass encroaching the posterior globe

Tumor/mass = unilateral

72
Q

Contraction of the circular ciliary muscle is always simultatneous with the contraction of


A

sphincter pupillae



73
Q

Contraction of the ____ ciliary muscle is always simultaneous with the contraction of the dilator pupillae

A

radial

74
Q

Macula Lutea:

  • fillied with CONES only
  • lateral to the optic disc
A

Area for the most distinct vision

Fovea centralis

75
Q

Optic disc aka

A

blind spot

76
Q

refractive media of the eye includes:

A

Cornea, Aqueous Humor, Pupil, Lens, Vitreous Humor

NO ciliary body

77
Q

sequence of the visual pathway

A

Eye and Retina, Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiation, visual
cortex


78
Q

Contraction of Sphincter Pupillae will result in:

A

Constriction of the pupil

79
Q

Anything regarding zonular ligaments should be associated with

A

ciliary body

since the ciliary body serves as the attachment of the lens via suspensory ligament or zonular ligament

80
Q

Thicken the lens

A

relaxation of the zonular ligaments which is accomplished by the contraction of the
circular ciliary body.

81
Q

Dilator pupillae is supplied by

A

Dilator pupillae is associated with involuntary fibers. Answers should include sympathetic fibers (T1) of the eye

82
Q

CN III

A

i. Sphincter Pupillae
ii. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
iii. Inferior Oblique Muscle, Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Medial Rectus

83
Q

CNI

A

i. Olfactory Nerve

84
Q

CNIV

A

Trochlear Nerve – superior oblique muscle

85
Q

CNV

A

Corneal Reflex

86
Q

complete transection of the nerve.

A

Monocular Blindness

ipsilateral

87
Q

Transection of the MEYER’s Loop, which

corresponds to the upper visual field.

A

Homonymous Superior Quadrantinopsia

contralateral

88
Q

Transection of the Baum’s Loop, which

corresponds to the lower visual field.

A

Homonymous Inferior Quadrantinopsia

contralateral

89
Q

Transection of the Optic Tract

A

Homonymous hemianopsia

contralateral

90
Q

Transection of the occipital lobe

A

Homonymous hemianopsia w/ macular sparing

ipsilateral

91
Q

Transection of the Lingual. Similar to lesion of the Meyer’s loop as it this is where it connects to, but with macular sparing as any lesion to the cerebral cortex leads to sparing of the macula.

A

Homonymous superior quadrantinopsia w/ macular sparing

92
Q

Transection of the Cuneus

A

Homonymous inferior quadrantinopsia w/ macular sparing

93
Q
  • reflexive and involuntary,
  • Innervates the smooth and cardiac muscle,
  • Works only with conscious mind not necessarily w/ pain and proprioception
A

Autonomic Nervous System:

ANATOMY (23 decks)

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