12th Evals 2018 - Eye & Ear (Neuro Gx - inc, Hx, Embryo) study hardcopy Flashcards
1
Q
Eye compartment/s that contain/s aqueus humor
A
anterior and posterior chamber
2
Q
Eye compartment/s that contain/s vitreous humor
A
vitreous chamber
3
Q
where the basal lamina of the corneal epithelium rests.
layer of the cornea
A
Bowman’s membrane
4
Q
blood supply of the rods and cones (outer layers) in the retina comes from the
A
capillaries of the choroid
5
Q
muscle fibers responsible for accommodation are in the:
A
uveal region of the ciliary body
6
Q
cells that comprise the constrictor and dilator pupillae are
A
myoepithelial cells
7
Q
canal of Schlemm
- the endothelial-lined tubes
- serve as drainage channels for acqueous humor
- located in the ___
A
sclera
8
Q
largest fenestrated capillaries in the body are found in the:
A
choriocapillary layer of the choroid
9
Q
The optic nerve is made up of the axons of the:
A
ganglion cells
10
Q
The horizontal neurons synapse with the other retinal neurons in the:
A
outer plexiform layer
11
Q
The flattened discs in the apex of their photoreceptors are continuously being shed by the rod cells but not by the cone cells.
A
photoreceptor cells in the retina
12
Q
Region that is devoid of a lining or covering epithelium
A
anterior surface of the iris
13
Q
The cells that produce retinal from the active form of vitamin A are located in the
A
pigment epithelium of the retina
14
Q
Glands that are embedded in the tarsal plate of the eyelids
A
meibomian glands &
Ciaccio’s glands
15
Q
lacrimal glands - what type of glands?
A
compound tubuloalveolar glands.
16
Q
epithelial lining of bulbar conjunctiva
A
stratified columnar
17
Q
- composed of auricle and the external auditory meatus;
- outer third of the external auditory meatus is made up cartilaginous framework;
- separated from the middle ear by the tympanum.
A
external ear
18
Q
framework of the auricle is made of a single piece of irregular-shaped _____ cartilage.
A
ELASTIC
19
Q
The auricle or pinna is made-up of what type of cartilage?
A
elastic
20
Q
Ceruminous glands
found in the outer third of the
external auditory canal are what type of glands?
A
modified sweat gland
21
Q
lateral border of the middle ear
A
tympanum
22
Q
the middle layer of the tympanic membrane is composed of
- Outer collagenous fibers that are arranged in ___ pattern;
- Inner collagenous fibers that are arranged in ____ pattern
A
- radial
- circular
23
Q
epithelium that lines the distal third of the auditory tube
A
pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
24
Q
articulating surfaces of the three (3) OSSICLES are lined by what type of cartilage
A
HYALINE
25
secures the footplate of stapes into the oval window
Annular ligament
26
located within the petrous part of the temporal bone
inner ear
27
forms the center of the bony labyrinth
Vestibule
28
Endolymph is/are found in
both
Scala media and
Membranous labyrinth
29
cochlear duct communicates with the saccule through
Hensen’s duct
30
forms the roof of the scala media
Reissner’s membrane
31
produces the endolymph in the scala media
Stria vascularis
32
gelatinous glycoprotein material that embeds the stereocilia and kinocilium of hair cells in the cristae is called as:
Cupola
33
The “pars optica retinae” will differentiate into:
retina
34
“pars ceca retinae” will give rise to:
iris & ciliary body
35
The “optic placode” will directly participate in the formation of what eye-structure?
lens
36
The “surface-ectoderm” derived parts of the eye-globe
outermost layer of cornea & lens
37
The “optic stalk” will participate in the formation of:
optic nerve, chiasm, & tract
38
The “optic cup” will differentiate into
10 layers of the retina
39
Condensed “mesodermal” mesenchymal cells will give rise to the following eye-structures, EXCEPT:
A. hyaloid artery & vein
B. outermost layer of cornea & lens
C. vitreous humor & aqueous humor
D. extraocular muscles, sclera, & choroid
outermost layer of cornea & lens
40
The following are “ECTODERM-derived” eye-structures, EXCEPT: A. outermost layer of the cornea
B. dilator & sphincter pupillary muscles
C. lens
D. superior & inferior oblique & recti muscles
superior & inferior oblique & recti muscles
41
The following eye-developmental milestones happen during 7th week (approximately 42-49 days) Age-of-Gestation, EXCEPT:
A. detachment of “hyaloid artery” from the posterior-most wall of primordial lens
B. “lens placode” starts to appear
C. closure of “choroid fissure”
D. the mouth of the optic cup becomes the “pupil” of the primordial eye
“lens placode” starts to appear
42
The following statements achieve & maintain clarity of “primordial lens”? EXCEPT:
A. beta, gamma, & alpha crystallins as induced by Crystallin genes
B. continuous & sustained arterial supply coming from “hyaloid artery”
C. pseudoenucleation of lens fibers of posterior lens wall
D. lens fibers lose almost all mitochondria & endoplasmic reticula
continuous & sustained arterial supply coming from “hyaloid artery”
43
The “semicircular canals’” immediate anlage:
utricle
44
The “cochlea & modiolus’” immediate anlage:
saccule’s tubular outgrowth
45
The “pinna” (colloquially “external ear”) is a derivative of:
condensed auricular hillocks
46
The “external auditory meatus” is derived from:
first pharyngeal cleft
47
Tympanic cavity & Eustachian Tube” are derivatives of:
first pharyngeal pouch
48
The only adult “ear” structure which derived from three germ layers:
myringa, fibrous stratum & inner lining of the “ear drum”
49
According to Modern-Modified/Alternative Theory of BONY EAR OSSICLES formation: “these bony structures are considered SECOND PHARYNGEAL ARCH-in-origin”:
the whole stapes; umbo/handle of malleus; & lenticular process of long crus of incus
50
According to Classic/Traditional Theory of BONY EAR OSSICLES formation: “the only bone of the middle ear which is considered SECOND PHARYNGEAL ARCH-in-origin”:
stapes
51
The “sixth Auricular Hillock” will differentiate into:
antitragus
52
The “first Auricular Hillock” will differentiate into:
tragus
53
The “fourth Auricular Hillock”, most-of-the-time, will participate in the formation of the following “pinnal” structures, EXCEPT:
A. Darwinian tubercle
B. scapha
C. inferolateral helix & whole antihelix
D. antitragus & ear lobule
D. antitragus & ear lobule
54
The “otic placode” will give rise to:
inner ear
55
The “otic placode” will start to form & appear during what age-of-gestation (AOG)?
22nd day AOG
56
The “stapes” is derived from which eponymous cartilage?
Reichert’s
57
The eponymous space/canal left by the degenerated distal hyaloid blood vessels:
Cloquet’s
58
Master gene for “eye” per se formation:
PAX-6
59
Master gene for “optic nerve” formation:
PAX-2
60
Immediate master genes for “10th layer” of the retina formation, differentiation, & development:
MITF + TGF-b
61
Master gene for segmentation/layering of the inner neural layer of pars optica retinae into “first 9 layers of the retina”:
CHX-10
62
Gene responsible for the invagination of optic vesicle into “optic cup”:
none as of now
63
unilateral preauricular pit [(+) A.D. preauricular pit]... >> rule-in or rule-out __
Lachiewicz-Sibley Syndrome”
64
parang peanut na ear
Grade 3, A.D. Microtia
65
Madeline McCann’s distinct feature:
(+) A.D. 7 o’clock position Coloboma Iridis
66
type of Dichromacy (see illustration)
Tritanopic-type
67
congenital external eye defects (as shown in illustration); unremarkable (normal) findings of the index patient’s external genitalia
Fraser-François-Meyer-Ullrich-Feichtiger-Schwickerath Syndrome
68
tumor enroaching the left inferior orbital fissure - manifestation?
left maxillary teeth pain (CN V2)
69
left eye deviated medially
Superior orbital fissure
| Extraocular muslces (lateral rectus CN VI)
70
periorbital swelling of the right eye,
right periorbital rim is swollen,
Visual field test revealed normal,
Sensory loss was noted on the upper right eyelid and forehead..
Supraorbital rim fracture, right
| CN V1- supplies conjunctiva of the eye, frontal sinus, skin of the forehead
71
bulging left eye,
anterior neck mass,
Thyroid function test is within normal limits.
Mass encroaching the posterior globe
| Tumor/mass = unilateral
72
Contraction of the circular ciliary muscle is always simultatneous with the contraction of

sphincter pupillae
| 
73
Contraction of the ____ ciliary muscle is always simultaneous with the contraction of the dilator pupillae
radial
74
Macula Lutea:
- fillied with CONES only
- lateral to the optic disc
Area for the most distinct vision
| Fovea centralis
75
Optic disc aka
blind spot
76
refractive media of the eye includes:
Cornea, Aqueous Humor, Pupil, Lens, Vitreous Humor
| NO ciliary body
77
sequence of the visual pathway
Eye and Retina, Optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiation, visual
cortex

78
Contraction of Sphincter Pupillae will result in:
Constriction of the pupil
79
Anything regarding zonular ligaments should be associated with
ciliary body
since the ciliary body serves as the attachment of the lens via suspensory ligament or zonular ligament
80
Thicken the lens
relaxation of the zonular ligaments which is accomplished by the contraction of the
circular ciliary body.
81
Dilator pupillae is supplied by
Dilator pupillae is associated with involuntary fibers. Answers should include sympathetic fibers (T1) of the eye
82
CN III
i. Sphincter Pupillae
ii. Levator Palpebrae Superioris
iii. Inferior Oblique Muscle, Superior Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Medial Rectus
83
CNI
i. Olfactory Nerve
84
CNIV
Trochlear Nerve – superior oblique muscle
85
CNV
Corneal Reflex
86
complete transection of the nerve.
Monocular Blindness
| ipsilateral
87
Transection of the MEYER’s Loop, which
| corresponds to the upper visual field.
Homonymous Superior Quadrantinopsia
| contralateral
88
Transection of the Baum’s Loop, which
| corresponds to the lower visual field.
Homonymous Inferior Quadrantinopsia
| contralateral
89
Transection of the Optic Tract
Homonymous hemianopsia
| contralateral
90
Transection of the occipital lobe
Homonymous hemianopsia w/ macular sparing
| ipsilateral
91
Transection of the Lingual. Similar to lesion of the Meyer’s loop as it this is where it connects to, but with macular sparing as any lesion to the cerebral cortex leads to sparing of the macula.
Homonymous superior quadrantinopsia w/ macular sparing
92
Transection of the Cuneus
Homonymous inferior quadrantinopsia w/ macular sparing
93
- reflexive and involuntary,
- Innervates the smooth and cardiac muscle,
- Works only with conscious mind not necessarily w/ pain and proprioception
Autonomic Nervous System:
