11/26/22 - Many-Electron Atoms

Question 1

Which quantum number is represented by ms?

Answer 1

Spin quantum number

Question 2

What does ms define?

Answer 2

The direction of electron spin

Question 3

What are the two possible values of ms?

Answer 3

1/2 and -1/2

Question 4

Can two electrons in the same orbital have the same spin?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

In a many-electron atom, does the energy of an orbital depend more on its n value (size) or its l value (shape)?

Answer 5

It depends mostly on the n value

Question 6

What is electron shielding?

Answer 6

When other electrons (especially inner ones) lessen the nuclear attraction for an outer electron.

Question 7

What is effective nuclear charge (Zeff)?

Answer 7

The nuclear charge that an electron actually experiences due to shielding

Question 8

Do inner electrons or electrons in the same orbital have a greater shielding effect on a given electron?

Answer 8

Inner electrons shield more, causing a greater reduction in Z effective

Question 9

What is electron penetration?

Answer 9

When an outer electron penetrates the region occupied by inner electrons to be closer to the nucleus

Question 10

What is the effect of penetration on nuclear attraction?

Answer 10

Penetration increases the nuclear attraction that the penetrating electron experiences

Question 11

What is the effect of penetration on shielding?

Answer 11

The outer electron that penetrates experiences less shielding from inner electrons

Question 12

Between 2s and 2p, which is more stable and why?

Answer 12

2s (l = 0) is more stable and lower energy than 2p (l = 1) because its l value is lower, meaning its electrons penetrate more, which makes them closer to the nucleus.

Question 13

When a sublevel’s angular momentum quantum number (l) is lower, do its electrons penetrate more or less?

Answer 13

Electrons penetrate more