10/19/22 - Solutions and Water as a Solvent Flashcards
In an aqueous solution, what is the solvent?
Water
What makes water an effective solvent?
Its polarity and bent shape.
On a water molecule, which atoms have a partial negative charge and which have a partial positive charge?
The oxygen atoms are partially negative, the hydrogen atoms are partially positive.
How does water dissolve ions?
Water molecules separate the ions. The attraction between the ions and the partial charges on water molecules outweigh the attraction between anions and cations.
Why does dissolving an ionic compound increase its conductivity?
The ions are able to move freely.
What is an electrolyte?
A substance that conducts a current when dissolved in water.
Which types of compounds are strong electrolytes?
Soluble ionic compounds are strong electrolytes because of their high conductivity.
Examples: KCl, NaCl
What are nonelectrolytes?
Substances that do not conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
Are most covalent compounds electrolytes or nonelectrolytes?
Most covalent compounds are nonelectrolytes.
What is another word for the molarity of a solution?
Concentration
What is the formula for calculating molarity?
M = (moles of solute)/(L of solution)
How do you calculate the mass of a solute when given the molarity and volume of the solution?
Use M = (moles of solute)/(L of solution)
Multiply L by molarity to find the moles of solute. Multiply that by the g/mol of the solute.
