10/21/22 - Acids, Bases, and Neutralization Reactions Flashcards
What is an acid?
A compound that produces H^+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water.
What do acids have in their molecular formula?
Hydrogen ions.
What determines the strength of an acid?
Its ability to release H^+ ions.
What is the difference in dissociation between strong and weak acids?
Strong acids completely dissociate into ions, weak acids barely dissociate.
What are the six strong acids?
HCl (hydrochloric acid), HBr (hydrobromic acid), HI (hydroiodic acid), HNO3 (nitric acid), H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HClO4 (perchloric acid)
What does carbonic acid (H2CO3) dissociate into?
H2O and CO2
What is a base?
A compound that produces OH^- ions when dissolved in water.
What does a strong base have in its molecular formula?
OH^- or O^2- ions
What are the 8 most common strong bases?
Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, CsOH, LiOH, KOH, RbOH, NaOH, SrOH
Bases Can Certainly Look Pleasing Really Something Strong
How do weak bases produce OH^- ions?
They have an electron pair that attracts a hydrogen atom from water, breaking H2O into OH^-
Why are strong acids and bases strong electrolytes?
Because they dissociate completely into ions in water.
What is a neutralization reaction?
An acid-base reaction.
What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
Water and a salt.
What is the net ionic equation for every reaction between a strong acid and a strong base?
H^+ (aq) + OH^- (aq) –> H2O (l)
Why can’t weak acids be written as ions in ionic equations?
Because they dissociate only a very small amount. They should be written as molecules.
