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MT6317 > 02 PROTEINS: plasma proteins > Flashcards

02 PROTEINS: plasma proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Diverse group of proteins found in blood plasma

A

Plasma proteins

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2
Q

This protein is so named because it migrates ahead of albumin and is a very good indicator of nutrition

A

Prealbumin

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3
Q

Prealbumin is ___ (high/low) for px with hepatic damage

A

low (due to decreased protein synthesis)

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4
Q

Prealbumin is ___ (high/low) for px receiving steroid therapy

A

high

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5
Q

Prealbumin is ___ (high/low) for px with alcohol abused

A

high

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6
Q

Prealbumin is ___ (high/low) for px with chronic renal failure

A

high

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7
Q

The three negative acute phase reactants

A

Prealbumin
Albumin
Transferrin

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8
Q

A protein associated with T3, T4 and retinol

A

Prealbumin

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9
Q

The most abundant protein found in blood plasma

A

Albumin

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10
Q

This protein serves as a crucial regulator of osmotic pressure and maintains the balance of fluid between blood vessels and tissues

A

Albumin

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11
Q

The rate of synthesis of albumin in the liver

A

9-12 g/day

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12
Q

This protein may be used as a short-term glucose monitoring means

A

Albumin (fructosamine)

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13
Q

Albumin is ___ (high/low) in liver and kidney disease

A

low

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14
Q

A glycoprotein produced by the liver that plays a vital role in protecting the lungs from damage caused by enzymes released by inflammatory cells

A

a1-antitrypsin

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15
Q

a1-antitrypsin has a molecular weight of approximately ___

A

52 kDa

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16
Q

This protein inhibits elastase

A

a1-antitrypsin

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17
Q

Protein associated with pulmonary emphysema caused by alveolar damage

A

a1-antitrypsin

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18
Q

Gene mutated in pulmonary emphysema that causes a1-antitrypsin deficiency

A

SERPINA1 gene

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19
Q

90% of the albumin fraction in electrophoresis is ___

A

a1-antitrypsin

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20
Q

This protein is synthesized in utero by the developing embryo and then by the fetal liver and the GI tract

A

a1-fetoprotein

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21
Q

The concentrations of a1-fetoprotein decreases gradually after birth, reaching adult concentrations at around ___ to ___ months of age

A

8-12

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22
Q

This protein is a marker for neural tube defects, anencephaly, and spina bifida in high levels

A

a1-fetoprotein

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23
Q

Low levels of a1-fetoprotein could lead to ___ and ___

A

trisomy 21
trisomy 18

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24
Q

A protein that serves as a tumor marker, specifically for hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver disease

A

a1-fetoprotein

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25
Q

This glycoprotein is characterized by its acidic properties and glycosylation

A

a1-acid glycoprotein

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26
Q

This protein plays a role in sphingomyelin metabolism

A

a1-acid glycoprotein

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27
Q

This protein serves in the capillary barrier function

A

a1-acid glycoprotein

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28
Q

Protein associated with orosomucoid

A

1a-acid glycoprotein

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29
Q

A member of serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) family

A

a1-antichymotrypsin

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30
Q

Targets cathepsin G, pancreatic elastase, mast cell chynase, and chymotrypsin

A

a1-antichymotrypsin

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31
Q

This protein is mutated in px. with Parkinson’s disease, COPD, and Alzheimer’s disease

A

a1-antichymotrypsin

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32
Q

A protein that is part of the serine protease inhibitor family that appears between a1 and a2 band

A

inter-a-trypsin inhibitor

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33
Q

This protein inhibits trypsin, plasmin, chymotrypsin

A

inter-a-trypsin inhibitor

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34
Q

A major carrier protien of vitamin D

A

Gc-globulin

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35
Q

An a2-glycoprotein synthesized in the liver as a tetramer consisting of two alpha and two beta subunits

A

Haptoglobin

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36
Q

This protein binds free hemoglobin

A

haptoglobin

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37
Q

This protein is important in the evaluation of hemolytic anemia

A

haptoglobin

38
Q

When there is hemolytic anemia, haptoglobin is ___ (high/low)

A

low

39
Q

When there is extravascular hemolysis, haptoglobin is ___

A

normal

40
Q

A protein that transports copper

A

Ceruloplasmin

41
Q

___% copper is bound to ceruloplasmin, while ___% is bound to albumin

A

90
10

42
Q

A disease condition where there is low ceruloplasmin and causes hepatic cirrhosis and neurological damage

A

Wilson’s disease

43
Q

A disease where there is low absorption of copper due to low ceruloplasmin

A

Menkes’ Syndrome/ Menkes’ Kinky Hair Syndrome

44
Q

A manifestation of deposited copper in the cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer Rings

45
Q

A major component of the a2-globulin fraction

A

a2-macroglobulin

46
Q

A protease inhibitor

A

a2-macroglobulin

47
Q

A cytokine and growth factor regulator

A

a2-macroglobulin

48
Q

A chaperone of misfolded proteins

A

a2-macroglobulin

49
Q

A protein that increases with renal disease and damage to glomeruli

A

a2-macroglobulin

50
Q

A glycoprotein found in the blood plasma that plays a crucial role in iron transport throughout the body

A

transferrin

51
Q

Transferrin is ___ (high/low) in IDA

A

high

52
Q

Transferrin is ___ (high/low) in chronic inflammation

A

low

53
Q

Transferrin is ___ (high/low) in iron overload

A

low

54
Q

An acute-phase b-globulin that binds free heme

A

hemopexin

55
Q

Hemopexin is synthesized in the ___ of the liver

A

parenchymal cells

56
Q

Haptoglobin is ___ (high/low) in intravascular hemolytic anemia

A

low

57
Q

Complexes of proteins and lipids whose function is to transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids in the bloodstream

A

lipoproteins

58
Q

Bad cholesterol

A

LDL

59
Q

Good cholesterol

A

HDL

60
Q

Reverse actinogenic and metabolic cholesterol

A

HDL

61
Q

A small protein found on the surface of nucleated cells in the body

A

b2-microglobulin

62
Q

A component of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules

A

b2-microglobulin

63
Q

B2-microglobulin is ___ (high/low) in impaired renal clearance

A

high

64
Q

B2-microglobulin is ___ (high/low) in HIV px

A

high

65
Q

B2-microglobulin is ___ (high/low) in rheumatic arthritis and systemic lupus

A

high

66
Q

T/F: B2-microglobulin is filtered by glomeruli and PCT

A

F (PCT reabsorbs and catabolizes)

67
Q

A natural defense mechanism against infections

A

complement system

68
Q

The most abundant complement in human plasma

A

C3

69
Q

The second most abundant complement

A

C4

70
Q

Increased complement during acute inflammatory disease and tissue inflammation

A

C3 & C4

71
Q

Decreased complement during autoimmune disease, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, bacteremia, tissue injury, and chronic hepatitis

A

C3

72
Q

Decreased complement during disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute glomerulonephritis, chronic hepatitis, and SLE

A

C4

73
Q

The complement pathway that bypasses early component and allows the process to begin with C3

A

Properdin pathway

74
Q

A soluble plasma protein produced by the liver and is essential for blood clot formation

A

fibrinogen

75
Q

In electrophoresis, presence of this protein causes beta-gamma bridging

A

fibrinogen

76
Q

A protein that may be used as an indicator for arteriosclerosis

A

C-reactive protein

77
Q

A monoclonal antibody-based test method that can detect <1 mg/dL CRP

A

hsCRP

78
Q

hcCRP concentration for high risk CVD

A

> 3 mg/dL

79
Q

hcCRP concentration for moderate risk CVD

A

1-3 mg/dL

80
Q

hcCRP concentration for low risk CVD

A

<1 mg/dL

81
Q

One of the first APRs to rise in response to inflammatory disease

A

C-reactive protein

82
Q

y-globulins are part of the ___ immunity

A

humoral

83
Q

Immunoglobulin that is first to elevate during infection

A

IgG

84
Q

Immunoglobulin present in mucous secretions

A

IgA

85
Q

Immunoglobulin that first responds to antigenic stimulation and is present during early infection

A

IgM

86
Q

Immunoglobulin that responds to allergic reaction

A

IgE

87
Q

Immunoglobulin present in the surface of b-cells

A

IgD

88
Q

IgA subtype that is resistant to enzyme degradation

A

secretory IgA

89
Q

IgA isotype that predominates in serum

A

IgA1

90
Q

A spike in the vicinity of the late B zone

A

Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia

MT6317 (18 decks)

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