02 PROTEINS: other proteins of clinical significance + plasma total protein abnormalities + methods of analysis

Question 1

The gold standard for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome

Answer 1

Cardiac troponin

Question 2

A specific cardiac marker

Answer 2

Cardiac troponin

Question 3

A family of structurally related hormones that increases during left ventricular myocardium

Answer 3

Natriuretic peptides

Question 4

A glycoprotein composed of two nearly identical subunits

Answer 4

fibronectin

Question 5

Helps predict the short-term risk of premature delivery

Answer 5

fetal fibronectin

Question 6

Fetal fibronectin should not be detectable after ___ weeks

Answer 6

24

Question 7

Detectable fetal fibronectin during ___ and ___ weeks is indicative of uroplacental junction disturbance and an increased risk of preterm labor and delivery

Answer 7

22 and 36

Question 8

Proteolytic fragment of collagen I and a marker of bone resorption

Answer 8

Cross-linked C-telopeptides

Question 9

Marker for CSF leakage

Answer 9

B-trace protein

Question 10

Cysteine proteinase inhibitor

Answer 10

Cystatin C

Question 11

Fibrous protein aggregates formed from the alteration of b-pleated sheathes

Answer 11

amyloid

Question 12

Reference value for total protein

Answer 12

6.5-8.3 g/dL

Question 13

Reference value for albumin

Answer 13

3.5-5.5 g/dL

Question 14

Reference A:G ratio

Answer 14

1.3-3.0

Question 15

Identify the disease:

TP: low
Albumin: low
Globulin: normal

Answer 15

inadequate diet
nephrotic syndrome

Question 16

In nephrotic syndrome, a2 and b-globulins are ___ and gamma globulins are ___

Answer 16

high
low

Question 17

Identify the disease:

TP: low
Albumin: normal
Globulin: low

Answer 17

Immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 18

Identify the disease:

TP: normal, low
Albumin: low
Globulin: high

Answer 18

hepatic damage
infections

Question 19

Identify the disease:

B-Y bridging

Answer 19

cirrhosis

Question 20

In hepatitis, the y-globulin is ___

Answer 20

increased

Question 21

In acute infection, these globulins are increased

Answer 21

a1, a2

Question 22

In chronic infection, these globulins are increased

Answer 22

a1, a2, y

Question 23

Polyclonal gammopathy is presented in ___ and ___

Answer 23

chronic infection
hepatic cirrhosis

Question 24

Identify the disease:

TP: high
Albumin: high
Globulin: high

Answer 24

dehydration

Question 25

Identify the disease:

TP: high
Albumin: normal
Globulin: high

Answer 25

multiple myeloma

Question 26

The immunoglobulin increased in multiple myeloma

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

The immunoglobulin increased in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia

Answer 27

IgM

Question 28

Reference method for total protein determination

Answer 28

Kjeldahl

Question 29

Method of total protein determination that forms a violet-colored chelate between Cu2+ ions and peptide bonds

Answer 29

Biuret

Question 30

Dye used in biuret for albumin and globulin determination

Answer 30

Coomassie blue

Question 31

The process of conversion of nitrogen to ammonie

Answer 31

Kjeldahlization

Question 32

A method of acid precipitation of protein with measurement of total nitrogen

Answer 32

Kjeldahl

Question 33

A measurement of refractive index due to solutes in serum

Answer 33

Refractometry

Question 34

The biuret method is measured at what wavelength?

Answer 34

540 nm

Question 35

In biuret method, which reagent breaks the peptide bonds?

Answer 35

Cupric ions

Question 36

In biuret method, which reagent keeps copper in solution?

Answer 36

Tartrate salt

Question 37

In biuret method, which reagent stabilizes cupric ions?

Answer 37

Potassium iodide

Question 38

Dyes that bind to protein and causes a spectral shift in the absorbance maximum of dye

Answer 38

Bromphenol blue
Ponceau S
Amido black 10B
Lissamine green
Coomassie brilliant blue

Question 39

This method of protein determination uses phosphomolybdic acid or phenol reagent

Answer 39

Folin-Ciocalteu

Question 40

In folin-ciocalteu method of protein determination, the oxidation of phenolic gives a ___ color

Answer 40

deep blue

Question 41

Proteins that absorbs light at 280 nm

Answer 41

Tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine

Question 42

Peptide bonds absorb light at ___ nm

Answer 42

210

Question 43

These reagents precipitate proteins for the turbidimetric or nephelometric method of protein determination

Answer 43

Sulfosalicylic acid
Trichloroacetic acid

Question 44

Identify the dye: (albumin)

Nonspecific for albumin

Answer 44

Methyl orange

Question 45

Identify the dye: (albumin)

Many interferences such as salicylates and bilirubin

Answer 45

HABA

Question 46

Identify the dye: (albumin)

Sensitive, most commonly used

Answer 46

BCG (bromcresol green)

Question 47

Identify the dye: (albumin)

Specific, sensitive, precise

Answer 47

BCP (bromcresol purple)

Question 48

Half-life of albumin

Answer 48

15-19 days

Question 49

Total protein concentration is ___ proportional to the severity of liver disease

Answer 49

inversely

Question 50

Prolonged torniquet application can cause false ___ in albumin levels

Answer 50

increase

Question 51

Reference value for albumin

Answer 51

53-65% (3.5-5 g/dL)

Question 52

Reference value for a1-globulin

Answer 52

2.5-5% (0.1-0.3 g/dL)

Question 53

Reference value for a2-globulin

Answer 53

7-13% (0.6-1.0 g/dL)

Question 54

Reference value for b-globulin

Answer 54

8-14% (0.7-1.1 g/dL)

Question 55

Reference value for y-globulin

Answer 55

12-22% (0.8-1.6 g/dL)

Question 56

The use of plasma in total protein determination increases the result by ___ g/dL

Answer 56

0.2-0.4