01 CARBS Flashcards
A primary source of energy for brain, erythrocytes, and retinal cells in humans
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates is a major food source and energy supply for the body and are stored primarily as ___ in the liver and muscle
glycogen
Carbohydrates are made up of which substances?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
How much water molecule is inserted per carbon?
1
The smallest carbohydrate
Glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde is a ___-carbon compound
3
The simplest form of carbohydrates and is not hydrolyzable
Monosaccharides
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
Glucose
mono
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
fructose
mono
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
galactose
mono
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
maltose
di
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
lactose
di
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
sucrose
di
Components of maltose
2 glucose
Components of lactose
1 galactose, 1 glucose
Components of sucrose
1 glucose, 1 fructose
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
starch
poly
Identify based on the number of sugar units:
glycogen
poly
An enzyme present in the saliva and stomach that hydrolyzes starch to disaccharides
Amylase
Glucose confirmation that is most common in humans
D-glucose
The only CHO that can be directly used for energy or storage
Glucose
The process of conversion of amino acids by the liver & other specialized tissue to substances that can be converted into glucose
Gluconeogenesis