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MT6317 > 02 PROTEINS: intro + amino acids > Flashcards

02 PROTEINS: intro + amino acids Flashcards

1
Q

Large, complex molecule comprised of 200 to 300 amino acids

A

proteins

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2
Q

Amino acids that can not be synthesized in vivo at a fast enough rate and must be acquired through diretary intake

A

essential amino acids

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3
Q

Amino acid responsible for myelin sheath synthesis

A

Histidine

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4
Q

Amino acid responsible for the synthesis of blood cells

A

Histidine

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5
Q

Amino acid responsible for the protection from heavy metals

A

Histidine

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6
Q

Amino acid responsible for DNA and RNA synthesis

A

Histidine

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7
Q

The 3 branched-chain amino acids

A

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

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8
Q

Branched-chain amino acid responsible for growth hormone production

A

Leucine

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9
Q

Branched-chain amino acid responsible for hemoglobin production

A

Isoleucine

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10
Q

Main function of the branched-chain amino acids

A

muscle growth & repair, tissue repair

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11
Q

Amino acid responsible for the production of Igs

A

Lysine

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12
Q

Amino acid responsible for calcium control and absorption

A

Lysine

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13
Q

Amino acid responsible for collagen formation

A

Lysine

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14
Q

Amino acid responsible for translation of mRNA

A

Methionine

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15
Q

Essential amino acid containing sulfur

A

Methionine

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16
Q

Precursor of cysteine

A

Methionine

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17
Q

Amino acid responsible for absorption of Se and Zn

A

Methionine

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18
Q

Amino acid that reacts with ATP in the synthesis of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Methionine

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19
Q

Precursor of tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

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20
Q

Essential amino acid responsible for metabolic procees

A

Phenylalanine

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21
Q

Essential amino acid that is important in the synthesis of catecholamines

A

Phenylalanine

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22
Q

Essential amino acid important in protein balance

A

Threonine

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23
Q

Essential amino acid important in liver function

A

Threonine

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24
Q

Essential amino acid important in metabolism of porphyrins and fats

A

Threonine

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25
Q

Essential amino acid important in the synthesis of serotonin and melatonin

A

Tryptophan

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26
Q

Essential amino acid important in niacin (Vit B3) production

A

Tryptophan

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27
Q

Non-essential amino acid involved in the energy-producing breakdown of glucose

A

Alanine

28
Q

Non-essential amino acid that plays an important role in transferring of nitrogen from peripheral tissues to the liver

A

Alanine

29
Q

Non-essential amino acid that is a product of breakdown of DNA of the dipeptides, anserine and carnosine, and conversion of pyruvate

A

Alanine

30
Q

The most abundant amino acid involved in the transport of nitrogen

A

Asparagine

31
Q

Non-essential amino acid that is required by the nervous system and plays an important role in the synthesis of ammonia

A

Asparagine

32
Q

Non-essential amino acid that is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle and the urea cycle

A

Aspartate

33
Q

Non-essential amino acid that plays a role in gluconeogenesis

A

Aspartate

34
Q

Non-essential amino acid that is responsible for energy production

A

Aspartate

35
Q

Non-essential amino acid that may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic diseases or malabsorption syndrome

A

Cysteine

36
Q

Oxidized from of cysteine

A

Cystine

37
Q

Non-essential amino acid that has significant antioxidant properties

A

Cysteine

38
Q

Non-essential amino acid that is a constituent in the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries

A

Cysteine

39
Q

A non-essential amino acid which plays a role in neurotransmission (GABA)

A

Glutamate

40
Q

The dysregulation of this amino acid has been linked to epileptic seizures

A

Glutamate

41
Q

Non-essential amino acid responsible for the umami taste

A

Glutamate

42
Q

Glutamate has a net ___ charge

A

negative

43
Q

Most abundant amino acid in the body

A

Glutamine

44
Q

An amino acid converted into glucose when more glucose is required for energy and aids in immune function

A

Glutamine

45
Q

A non-essential amino acid that acts as the basis of the building blocks for synthesis of RNA and DNA

A

Glutamine

46
Q

A non-essential amino acid marketed as a supplement used for muscle growth in weightlifting and bodybuilding

A

Glutamine

47
Q

A non-essential amino acid that plays a role in renal maintenance of acid-base balance

A

Glutamine

48
Q

A non-essential amino acid responsible for the metabolism of sugars and fats

A

Glutamate

49
Q

A non-essential amino acid synthesized from serine

A

Glycine

50
Q

The only amino acid not active because it has no stereoisomers

A

Glycine

51
Q

A non-essential amino acid that play as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

A

Glycine

52
Q

A non-essential amino acid that retards muscle degeneration, improves glycogen storage, and promotes healing

A

Glycine

53
Q

A non-essential amino acid produced from glutamate

A

Proline

54
Q

A non-essential amino acid that functions in tandem with Vitamin C to promote healthy connective tissues

A

Proline

55
Q

A non-essential amino acid synthesized from 3-phosphoglycerate

A

Serine

56
Q

A non-essential amino acid that is highly concentrated in all cell membranes and is a component of the protective myelin sheaths surrounding nerve fibers

A

Serine

57
Q

Non-essential amino acid that is metabolically synthesized from phenylalanine

A

Tyrosine

58
Q

Non-essential amino acid that plays a role in the overall metabolism and aiding in function of the adrenal glands, thyroid, and pituitary glands

A

Tyrosine

59
Q

Non-essential amino acid that acts as a mood elevator, useful in treatment of chronic fatigue, narcolepsy, anxiety, depression, low sex drive, allergies, and headache

A

Tyrosine

60
Q

Selenocysteine is encoded by a ___ codon

A

UGA

61
Q

Pyrrolysine is encoded by the ___ codon

A

UAG

62
Q

T/F: pyrrolysine is not present in humans and only in prokaryotic and single-celled microorganisms

A

T

63
Q

tHIV-1 encodes a functional selenoprotein, and px. with HIV have been shown to have ___-than-average blood plasma selenium level

A

lower

64
Q

Non essential amino acid important in the production of antibodies

A

Serine

65
Q

Non essential amino acid important in the production of antibodies

A

Serine

MT6317 (18 decks)

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