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MT6317 > 01 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION > Flashcards

01 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION Flashcards

1
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

400-435

A

Violet
Green yellow

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2
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

435-480

A

Blue
Yellow

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3
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

480-490

A

Green blue
Orange

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4
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

490-500

A

Blue green
Red

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5
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

500-560

A

Green
Purple (magenta)

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6
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

560-580

A

Yellow green
Violet

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7
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

580-595

A

Yellow
Blue

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8
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

595-605

A

Orange
Green blue

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9
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

605-650

A

Red orange
Blue green

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10
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

650-750

A

Red
Blue

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11
Q

Most common light source for spectrophotometry

A

Tungsten

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12
Q

This part of the spectrophotometry minimizes unwanted stray of light and prevents entrance of scattered light on the monochromator system

A

Entrance slit

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13
Q

The most common cause of lost linearity at high analyte concentration

A

Stray light

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14
Q

This isolates specific or individual wavelength of light

A

Monochromator

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15
Q

This controls the width of the light beam

A

Exit slit

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16
Q

Can be described as the total range of wavelengths transmitted

A

Exit slit

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17
Q

Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measures

A

Cuvette

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18
Q

This detects and converts transmitted light into photoelectric energy

A

Photodetector

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19
Q

This measures light emitted by one atom burned in a flame

A

Flame emission photometry

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20
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Sodium

A

Yellow

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21
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Potassium

A

Purple

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22
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Calcium

A

Orange

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23
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Magnesium

A

White

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24
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Copper I

A

Blue

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25
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Copper II

A

Green

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26
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Lithium

A

Red

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27
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Cesium

A

Violet

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28
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Zinc

A

Yellow

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29
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Strontium

A

Red

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30
Q

Measures the light absorbed by one atom burned in a dissociated by heat

A

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry

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31
Q

This determines the amount of scattered light by a particulate matter suspended in a turbid solution

A

Nephelometry

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32
Q

The light scattering during nephelometry depends on which factor/s?

A

Particle size
Wavelength

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33
Q

This measures the amount of antigen-antibody complexes

A

Nephelometry

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34
Q

Nephelometry measures at what angle?

A

15-90

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35
Q

Nephelometry uses which principle?

A

Mie Scatter

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36
Q

This measures reduction in light transmission by one particle formation

A

Turbidimetry

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37
Q

Turbidimetry uses which principle?

A

Raleigh scatter

38
Q

This is the process of separating this charged constituents of a sample by means of an electrical current

A

Electrophoresis

39
Q

Migration of charged macromolecules in the presence of an electrical power through porous supports

A

Zone electrophoresis

40
Q

Porous supports for zone electrophoresis

A

Paper
Cellulose acetate
Agarose gel

41
Q

Has a net charge that can either be positive or negative depending on pH conditions

A

Amphoteric

42
Q

Movement of buffer ions and solvent relative to the fixed support

A

Electroendosmosis/endosmosis

43
Q

Migration of small charged ions

A

Iontophoresis

44
Q

This support media is specific for serum proteins

A

Cellulose acetate

45
Q

This support media is used for DNA separation with 10-15 bands

A

Agarose gel

46
Q

This support media is used for isoenzymes

A

Polyacrylamide gel

47
Q

Planar form chromatography:

fractionation of sugar and amino acids through whattman paper sorbent

A

Paper chromatography

48
Q

Planar form chromatography:

Used for TDM to separate drug molecules through plastic plates sorbent

A

Thin layer chromatography

49
Q

Column form chromatography:

elution of volatile compounds based on boiling point, used to separate steroids, lipids, alcohols

A

Gas chromatography

50
Q

Column form chromatography:

Differences in absorption of gases at solid phase surfaces

A

Gas solid chromatography

51
Q

Column form chromatography:

Differences in solute partitioning between gaseous mobile phase vs liquid stationary phase

A

Gas liquid chromatography

52
Q

Column form chromatography:

distribution of solute between liquid mobile phase vs liquid stationary phase

A

Liquid chromatography

53
Q

Column form chromatography:

Most widely used LC, uses pressure for fast separation, fractionation of drugs, hormones, and Hgb variants

A

HPLC

54
Q

Column form chromatography:

Separate non-volatile substances in human body fluids, complementary method to GC-MS as it is used to confirm positive results from screening illicit drugs

A

LC-MS

55
Q

Instrumentation technique:

Fragmentation and ionization of molecules using suitable energy

A

Mass spectroscopy

56
Q

Gold standard for forensic science and drug screening

A

GC-MS

57
Q

Gold standard for protein identification

A

MS/MS

58
Q

Instrumentation technique:

Determine the structure of organic compound

A

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

59
Q

Separation technique:

Migration is based on electrical charge

A

electrophoresis

60
Q

Separation technique:

Migration is based on physical/chemical properties

A

chromatography

61
Q

Separation technique:

Migration is through a pH gradient

A

isoelectric focusing

62
Q

Separation technique:

Migration is through an electro-osmosis flow

A

capillary electrophoresis

63
Q

Instrumentation technique:

amount of light emitted by a molecule after excitation by electromagnetic radiation

A

Fluorometry

64
Q

Instrumentation technique:

Measures amount of light intensity present over a dark background

A

Fluorometry

65
Q

Light sources for fluorometry

A

Mercury, xenon, uv lights

66
Q

The reduction or limitation of a particle in an excited state

A

quenching

67
Q

Factors affecting quenching

A

pH, temp, uv, chemical changes

68
Q

Instrumentation technique:

measurement of luminescence produced by chemical reaction producing light emission

A

Chemiluminescence

69
Q

Instrumentation technique:

Measures amount of light emission based on chemical or electrochemical reaction

A

Chemiluminescence

70
Q

Instrumentation technique:

No excitation radiation is required, and no monochromators are needed because the chemiluminescene arises from one species

A

Bishop

71
Q

The instrument that measures chemiluminescence

A

Luminometer

72
Q

Instrumentation technique:

A simplified spectrophotometer that does not require a light source or monochromator since light is produced in the chemical reaction

A

Wendy

73
Q

In Wendy, the ___, ___, and ___ are the main components of a luminometer

A

sample cuvette
photodetector
readout device

74
Q

Instrumentation technique:

changes in colligative property of solutions that occur due to variations in particle concentrations

A

Osmometry

75
Q

Example of osmotic particles

A

Glucose, BUN, sodium

76
Q

What are the four colligative properties?

A

Boiling point, freezing point, osmotic pressure, vapor pressure

77
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Measurement of electric potential due to the activity of free ions

A

Potentiometry

78
Q

Reference electrodes for potentiometry

A

Calomel, silver-silver chloride, H+ electrode

79
Q

Parameters measured by potentiometry

A

pH and pCO2

80
Q

Potentiometry uses ___ equation

A

Nernst

81
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Electrochemical transducer capable of responding to one given ion

A

Ion selective electrode

82
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Measurement of the amount of electricity fixed at potential in coulombs

A

Coulometry

83
Q

In coulometry, the end point is detected by ___

A

amperometry

84
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Electrochemical titration in which the titrant is electrochemically generated

A

coulometry

85
Q

Parameters measured by coulometry

A

Chloride tests - CSF, Serum, Sweat

86
Q

Coulometry uses ___ law

A

Faraday’s

87
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Current flow produced by oxidation reaction

A

Amperometry

88
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Measurement of differences in current at a constant voltage

A

Polarography

89
Q

Electrochemistry technique:

Measurement of current after a potential is applied to an electrochemical cell

A

Voltametry

90
Q

Parameters measured by amperometry

A

pO2, glucose, chloride, peroxidases

91
Q

Parameters measured by Anodic stripping voltametry

A

lead and iron studies

92
Q

Polarography uses ___ equation

A

Ilkovic

MT6317 (18 decks)

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