010.07 ATS and ATM .02.10 + .02.11 + .02.12 (position reports, separation minima) Flashcards
.02.10 Position reporting .02.11 Reporting of operational and meteorological information .02.12 Separation methods and minima
On routes defined by designated significant points, position reports shall be made by the aircraft (3 minutes before/when over, or as soon as possible after/5 minutes after) passing each designated compulsory reporting point. Additional reports over other points may be requested by the appropriate ATS unit.
On routes defined by designated significant points, position reports shall be made by the aircraft (when over, or as soon as possible after) passing each designated compulsory reporting point. Additional reports over other points may be requested by the appropriate ATS unit.
The six items normally included in a voice position report are (…), (…), (…), (…), (…) and (…).
The last three elements may be omitted when (…).
The six items normally included in a voice position report are (aircraft identification), (position), (time), (FL or altitude), (next position and time over) and (ensuing significant point).
The last three elements may be omitted when (so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements).
Of the items in a position report, (…) shall be included in the initial call after a change of air-ground voice communication channel.
Of the items in a position report, (flight level or altitude) shall be included in the initial call after a change of air-ground voice communication channel.
Of the items of a position report, (…) may be omitted if SSR Mode C is used.
Of the items of a position report, (FL or altitude) may be omitted if SSR Mode C is used.
When (…), the flight crew shall include this speed in their position reports.
When (assigned a specific speed to maintain), the flight crew shall include this speed in their position reports.
The meaning of the acronym ‘ADS’ is (…).
The meaning of the acronym ‘ADS’ is (Automatic Dependent Surveillance).
ADS is a surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems.
Special air-reports shall be made by all aircraft whenever the following conditions are encountered or observed:
(list at least three)
Special air-reports shall be made by all aircraft whenever the following conditions are encountered or observed:
a) moderate or severe turbulence; or
b) moderate or severe icing; or
c) severe mountain wave; or
d) thunderstorms, without hail that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
e) thunderstorms, with hail that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
f) heavy duststorm or heavy sandstorm; or
g) volcanic ash cloud; or
h) pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption.
In addition, in the case of transonic and supersonic flight:
i) moderate turbulence; or
j) hail; or
k) cumulonimbus clouds.
Whenever, as a result of failure or degradation of navigation, communications, altimetry, flight control or other systems, aircraft performance is degraded below the level required for the airspace in which it is operating, the flight crew shall advise the (operator/ATC unit concerned/autority/passengers) without delay.
Whenever, as a result of failure or degradation of navigation, communications, altimetry, flight control or other systems, aircraft performance is degraded below the level required for the airspace in which it is operating, the flight crew shall advise the (ATC unit concerned) without delay.
Kinds of seperation used in aviation are (…) and (…) seperation. A combination of these is called (…) seperation.
Kinds of seperation used in aviation are (vertical) and (horizontal) seperation. A combination of these is called (composite) seperation.
When so requested by an aircraft, an ATC unit may clear a controlled flight, including departing and arriving flights, operating in airspace Classes (…) in visual meteorological conditions (anytime during day and night/during the hours of daylight) to fly subject to maintaining own separation to one other aircraft and remaining in visual meteorological conditions. Maintaining seperation is then the responsibility of the (…).
When so requested by an aircraft, an ATC unit may clear a controlled flight, including departing and arriving flights, operating in airspace Classes (D and E) in visual meteorological conditions (during the hours of daylight) to fly subject to maintaining own separation to one other aircraft and remaining in visual meteorological conditions. Maintaining seperation is then the responsibility of the (PIC).
Vertical separation is obtained by requiring aircraft to use (…).
Vertical separation is obtained by requiring aircraft using (prescribed altimeter setting procedures) to operate at different levels expressed in terms of flight levels or altitudes
Two aircraft are flying to Paris. Aircraft A takes off from London Heathrow and is in front of aircraft B with 1 minute difference. Both aircraft are flying 150° (M) inbound Paris Charles de Gaulle VOR for holding procedure before landing. Correct FLs are:
Aircraft A: FL (240/250/260/270)
Aircraft B: FL (240/250/260/270)
Two aircraft are flying to Paris. Aircraft A takes off from London Heathrow and is in front of aircraft B with 1 minute difference. Both aircraft are flying 150° (M) inbound Paris Charles de Gaulle VOR for holding procedure before landing. Correct FLs are:
Aircraft A: FL (250) Flying east, so odd FL. Preceding aircraft normally have priority and enter a holding at the lowest level, following aircraft will then enter the holding at higher levels.
Aircraft B: FL (270)
An aircraft may be cleared to a level previously occupied by another aircraft after the latter has reported (being 1000 ft below previous level/vacating it), except when:
a) (…);
b) the higher aircraft is effecting a cruise climb; or
c) the difference in aircraft performance is such that less than the applicable separation minimum may result;
An aircraft may be cleared to a level previously occupied by another aircraft after the latter has reported (vacating it), except when:
a) (severe turbulence is known to exist);
b) the higher aircraft is effecting a cruise climb; or
c) the difference in aircraft performance is such that less than the applicable separation minimum may result;
The two main methods for horizontal seperation are (…) and (…) seperation.
The two main methods for horizontal seperation are (lateral) and (longitudinal) seperation.
Geographic seperation is obtained where aircraft (…).
Geographic seperation is obtained where aircraft (report overhead different geographical locations).
By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid employed. Lateral separation between two aircraft exists when:
NDB: both aircraft are established on tracks to or from the NDB which are diverging by at least (…) degrees and at least one aircraft is at a distance of (…) NM or more from the facility.
By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid employed. Lateral separation between two aircraft exists when:
NDB: both aircraft are established on tracks to or from the NDB which are diverging by at least (30) degrees and at least one aircraft is at a distance of (15) NM or more from the facility.
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid employed. Lateral separation between two aircraft exists when:
GNSS: both aircraft are established on tracks diverging by at least (…) degrees and at least one aircraft is at a distance of (…) NM or more from the common point between FL010 - FL190 of (…) NM, or more at FL200 or higher from the common point.
By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid employed. Lateral separation between two aircraft exists when:
GNSS: both aircraft are established on tracks diverging by at least (15) degrees and at least one aircraft is at a distance of (15) NM or more from the common point between FL010 - FL190 of (23) NM, or more at FL200 or higher from the common point.
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid employed. Lateral separation between two aircraft exists when:
VOR: both aircraft are established on radials diverging by at least (…) degrees and at least one aircraft is at a distance of (…) NM or more from the facility.
By requiring aircraft to fly on specified tracks which are separated by a minimum amount appropriate to the navigation aid employed. Lateral separation between two aircraft exists when:
VOR: both aircraft are established on radials diverging by at least (15) degrees and at least one aircraft is at a distance of (15) NM or more from the facility.
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
a) (…) minutes; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
a) (15) minutes; or
…
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
…
b) (…) minutes, if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
…
b) (10) minutes, if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed; or
…
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
…
d) (…) minutes provided that the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
…
d) (3) minutes provided that the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 40 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
…
c) (…) minutes provided that the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level and track:
…
c) (5) minutes provided that the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft; or
…
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level but on crossing tracks:
…
b) (…) minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed.
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level but on crossing tracks:
…
b) (10) minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed.
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level but on crossing tracks:
a) (…) minutes at the point of intersection of the tracks; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft maintaining same level but on crossing tracks:
a) (15) minutes at the point of intersection of the tracks; or
…
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
The aircraft in the attachment are on (the same/reciprocal/crossing) track(s).
source:https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
The aircraft in the attachment are on (the same) track(s).
source:https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
The aircraft in the attachment are on (the same/reciprocal/crossing) track(s).
source:https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
The aircraft in the attachment are on (reciprocal) track(s).
source:https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
The aircraft in the attachment are on (the same/reciprocal/crossing) track(s).
source:https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
The aircraft in the attachment are on (crossing) track(s).
source:https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
a) (…) minutes while vertical separation does not exist; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
a) (15) minutes while vertical separation does not exist; or
…
- note: same as climbing or descending on crossing tracks.*
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
…
b) (…) minutes while vertical separation does not exist, provided that such separation is authorized only where ground-based navigation aids or GNSS permit frequent determination of position and speed; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
…
b) (10) minutes while vertical separation does not exist, provided that such separation is authorized only where ground-based navigation aids or GNSS permit frequent determination of position and speed; or
…
- note: same as climbing or descending on crossing tracks.*
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
…
c) (…) minutes while vertical separation does not exist, provided that the level change is commenced within 10 minutes of the time the second aircraft has reported over a common point which must be derived from ground-based navigation aids or by GNSS.
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
…
c) (5) minutes while vertical separation does not exist, provided that the level change is commenced within 10 minutes of the time the second aircraft has reported over a common point which must be derived from ground-based navigation aids or by GNSS.
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on crossing tracks:
a) (…) minutes while vertical separation does not exist; or
…
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on crossing tracks:
a) (15) minutes while vertical separation does not exist; or
…
- note: same as climbing or descending on the same track.*
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on crossing tracks:
…
b) (…) minutes while vertical separation does not exist if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed.
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on crossing tracks:
…
b) (10) minutes while vertical separation does not exist if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed.
* note: same as climbing or descending on the same track.*
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on reciprocal tracks:
Where lateral separation is not provided, vertical separation shall be provided for at least (…) minutes prior to and after the time the aircraft are estimated to pass, or are estimated to have passed.
Longitudinal separation minima based on time for aircraft climbing or descending on reciprocal tracks:
Where lateral separation is not provided, vertical separation shall be provided for at least (10) minutes prior to and after the time the aircraft are estimated to pass, or are estimated to have passed.
Longitudinal separation minima based on distance for aircraft at the same cruising level on crossing tracks:
a) (…) NM;
b) (…) NM provided the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
Longitudinal separation minima based on distance for aircraft at the same cruising level on crossing tracks:
a) (20) NM;
b) (10) NM provided the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
* note: shall also apply for aircraft on the same track.*
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on distance for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
(…) NM while vertical seperation does not exist;
Longitudinal separation minima based on distance for aircraft climbing or descending on the same track:
(10) NM while vertical seperation does not exist;
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
Longitudinal separation minima based on distance for aircraft at the same cruising level on the same track:
a) (…) NM;
b) (…) NM provided the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
Longitudinal separation minima based on distance for aircraft at the same cruising level on the same track:
a) (20) NM;
b) (10) NM provided the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 20 kt or more faster than the succeeding aircraft.
* note: shall also apply for aircraft on crossing tracks.*
source: https://ops.group/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ICAO-Doc4444-Pans-Atm-16thEdition-2016-OPSGROUP.pdf
