010.05 RULES OF THE AIR ACCORDING TO ICAO ANNEX 2 AND SERA

Question 1

Abbreviation SERA stands for (…)

Answer 1

Abbreviation SERA stands for (Standarized European Rules of the Air)

Question 2

Explain the objective of SERA

Answer 2

To establish the common rules of the air and operational provisions regarding services and procedures in air navigation that shall be applicable to general air traffic.

Question 3

For flight over the high seas, the rules specified in (the AIP of the closest Member State/SERA/Annex 2 to the Chicago Convention) shall apply without exception.

Answer 3

For flight over the high seas, the rules specified in (Annex 2 to the Chicago Convention) shall apply without exception.

Question 4

A PIC may depart from the rules of the air (…)

Answer 4

A PIC may depart from the rules of the air (in circumstances that render such departure absolutely necessary in the interests of safety)

Question 5

The (Pilot-Flying/PIC/Operator/Authority) has the final authority as to the disposition of the aircraft.

Answer 5

The (PIC) has the final authority as to the disposition of the aircraft.

Question 6

Special VFR is a VFR flight (…)

Answer 6

Special VFR is a VFR flight (cleared by ATC to operate within a CTR in meteorological conditions below VMC)

Question 7

An aircraft that has right-of-way shall maintain its (which of the following: course/speed/altitude/heading)

Answer 7

An aircraft that has right-of-way shall maintain its (heading and speed)

Question 8

When two aircraft are approaching head-on, both shall alter its heading to the (right/left)

Answer 8

When two aircraft are approaching head-on, both shall alter its heading to the (right)

Question 9

In general, the aircraft that has the (best/worst) manoeuverability has the right of way.

Answer 9

In general, the aircraft that has the (worst) manoeuverability has the right of way.

Question 10

State the colour and angle of ‘light 3’ (tail) in the attachment

source: https://www.industrial-electronics.com/images/aircraft_12-18.jpg

Answer 10

White light, 140° angle

Question 11

State the colour and angle of ‘light 2’ (starboard side wingtip) in the attachment

source: https://www.industrial-electronics.com/images/aircraft_12-18.jpg

Answer 11

Green light, 110° angle

Question 12

State the colour and angle of ‘light 1’ (port side wingtip) in the attachment

source: https://www.industrial-electronics.com/images/aircraft_12-18.jpg

Answer 12

Red light, 110° angle

Question 13

When an aircraft is overtaking another aircraft, the (overtaking aircraft/aircraft being overtaken) has the right-of-way.

Answer 13

When an aircraft is overtaking another aircraft, the (aircraft being overtaken) has the right-of-way.

Question 14

State which of the following ‘vehicles’ at an aerodrome give way to who:

• vehicles on apron
• vehicles towing aircraft
• aircraft which are taxiing

Answer 14

vehicles on apron

give way to

vehicles towing aircraft

give way to

aircraft which are taxiing

Question 15

Of the following, state which light an aircraft in flight at night shall display:

• landing lights
• taxi lights
• anti-collision lights
• navigation lights

Answer 15

anti-collision and navigation lights

Question 16

Anti-collision lights must be displayed (…)

Answer 16

Anti-collision lights must be displayed (as soon as the engines are running)

Question 17

A pilot MUST turn on the navigation lights (only in daytime/only at night/day and night/in IMC) or during any other period prescribed by the appropriate authority

Answer 17

A pilot MUST turn on the navigation lights (only at night) or during any other period prescribed by the appropriate authority

Question 18

Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except by permission from the competent authority, a VFR flight shall not be flown:

(1) over the congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open-air assembly of persons at a height less than (…) ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of (…) m from the aircraft;
(2) elsewhere than as specified in (1), at a height less than (…) ft above the ground or water, or above the highest obstacle within a radius of (…) m from the aircraft.

Answer 18

Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except by permission from the competent authority, a VFR flight shall not be flown:

(1) over the congested areas of cities, towns or settlements or over an open-air assembly of persons at a height less than (1 000) ft above the highest obstacle within a radius of (600) m from the aircraft;
(2) elsewhere than as specified in (1), at a height less than (500) ft above the ground or water, or above the highest obstacle within a radius of (150) m from the aircraft.

Question 19

Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except when specifically authorised by the competent authority, an IFR flight shall be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the State whose territory is overflown, or, where no such minimum flight altitude has been established:

(1) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least (…) ft above the highest obstacle located within (…) km of the estimated position of the aircraft;
(2) elsewhere than as specified in (1), at a level which is at least (…) ft above the highest obstacle located within (…) km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Answer 19

Except when necessary for take-off or landing, or except when specifically authorised by the competent authority, an IFR flight shall be flown at a level which is not below the minimum flight altitude established by the State whose territory is overflown, or, where no such minimum flight altitude has been established:

(1) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least (2 000) ft above the highest obstacle located within (8) km of the estimated position of the aircraft;
(2) elsewhere than as specified in (1), at a level which is at least (1 000) ft above the highest obstacle located within (8) km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 20

During a flight in simulated instrument conditions, conducted for an IR, dual set of (instruments/controls) are needed and a (flight instructor/competent observer).

Answer 20

During a flight in simulated instrument conditions, conducted for an IR, dual set of (controls) are needed and a (flight instructor).

Question 21

An aircraft operated on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome shall:

(a) observe other aerodrome traffic for the purpose of avoiding collision;
(b) conform with or avoid the pattern of traffic formed by other aircraft in operation;
(c) except for balloons, make all turns to the (right/left), when approaching for a landing and after taking off, unless otherwise indicated, or instructed by ATC;
(d) except for balloons, land and take off (into the wind/downwind) unless safety, the runway configuration, or air traffic considerations determine that a different direction is preferable.

Answer 21

An aircraft operated on or in the vicinity of an aerodrome shall:

(a) observe other aerodrome traffic for the purpose of avoiding collision;
(b) conform with or avoid the pattern of traffic formed by other aircraft in operation;
(c) except for balloons, make all turns to the (left), when approaching for a landing and after taking off, unless otherwise indicated, or instructed by ATC;
(d) except for balloons, land and take off (into the wind) unless safety, the runway configuration, or air traffic considerations determine that a different direction is preferable.

Question 22

A flight plan for a controlled flight shall be submitted at least (…) minutes before departure, or, if submitted during flight at least (…) minutes before the aircraft is estimated to reach:

(1) the intended point of entry into a control area or advisory area; or
(2) the point of crossing an airway or advisory route.

Answer 22

A flight plan for a controlled flight shall be submitted at least (60) minutes before departure, or, if submitted during flight at least (10) minutes before the aircraft is estimated to reach:

(1) the intended point of entry into a control area or advisory area; or
(2) the point of crossing an airway or advisory route.

Question 23

An old flight plan should be amended or cancelled and a new one submitted in the event of a delay of (…) minutes in excess of the estimated off-block time for controlled flight.

Answer 23

An old flight plan should be amended or cancelled and a new one submitted in the event of a delay of (30) minutes in excess of the estimated off-block time for controlled flight.

Question 24

An old flight plan should be amended or cancelled and a new one submitted in the event of a delay of (…) minutes in excess of the estimated off-block time for uncontrolled flight.

Answer 24

An old flight plan should be amended or cancelled and a new one submitted in the event of a delay of (60) minutes in excess of the estimated off-block time for uncontrolled flight.

Question 25

In the event that a controlled flight deviates from its track given in the current flight plan, action should be taken in order to (…)

Answer 25

In the event that a controlled flight deviates from its track given in the current flight plan, action should be taken in order to (adjust the heading to regain track as soon as possible).

Question 26

ATC shall be informed as soon as your actual TAS differs (…)% and/or the time estimate for the next applicable reporting point differs (…) or more minutes from the original flight plan.

Answer 26

ATC shall be informed as soon as your actual TAS differs (5)% and/or the time estimate for the next applicable reporting point differs (2) or more minutes from the original flight plan.

Question 27

Arrival reports made by aircraft shall contain the following elements of information:

(1) aircraft identification;
(2) departure aerodrome or operating site;
(3) destination aerodrome or operating site (only in the case of a diversionary landing);
(4) (…);
(5) (…).

Answer 27

Arrival reports made by aircraft shall contain the following elements of information:

(1) aircraft identification;
(2) departure aerodrome or operating site;
(3) destination aerodrome or operating site (only in the case of a diversionary landing);
(4) (arrival aerodrome or operating site);
(5) (time of arrival).

Question 28

If an airplane lands at an aerodrome different from the destination mentioned on the flight plan, the ATS unit at the original destination should be notified of a safe landing as soon as possible, but not later than (…) minutes.

Answer 28

If an airplane lands at an aerodrome different from the destination mentioned on the flight plan, the ATS unit at the original destination should be notified of a safe landing as soon as possible, but not later than (30) minutes.

Question 29

The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall inform ATC if an air traffic control clearance is not satisfactory. In such cases, ATC will (always/if practible) issue an amended clearance.

Answer 29

The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall inform ATC if an air traffic control clearance is not satisfactory. In such cases, ATC will (if practible) issue an amended clearance.

Question 30

When it becomes evident that flight in VMC in accordance with its current flight plan will not be practicable, a VFR flight operated as a controlled flight can request clearance to operate in accordance with IFR, or (…)

Answer 30

When it becomes evident that flight in VMC in accordance with its current flight plan will not be practicable, a VFR flight operated as a controlled flight can request clearance to operate in accordance with IFR, or (if operated in a control zone, request Special VFR clearance)

Question 31

If position reports are required, they shall contain (…)

Answer 31

If position reports are required, they shall contain (aircraft identification, position, time, FL or altitude, next position and time overhead, ensuing significant point).

Question 32

When experiencing communication failure on an IFR flight when flying in VMC, the aircraft shall (continue to destination and land at expected approach time/land at the nearest suitable aerodrome)

Answer 32

When experiencing communication failure on an IFR flight when flying in VMC, the aircraft shall (land at the nearest suitable aerodrome)

Question 33

When experiencing communication failure on an IFR flight when flying in IMC, the aircraft shall (continue to destination and land at expected approach time/land at the nearest suitable aerodrome)

Answer 33

When experiencing communication failure on an IFR flight when flying in IMC, the aircraft shall (continue to destination and land at expected approach time)

Question 34

When the pilot of an IFR flight experiencing a COM failure flying in IMC considers it inadvisable to continue to destination aerodrome, the aircraft shall:

a) in airspace where radar is not used maintain the last assigned speed and level for a period of (…) minutes following the aircraft’s failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan;
b) in airspace where radar is used maintain the last assigned speed and level for a period of (…) minutes following:
1) the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached; or
2) the time the transponder is set to Code (7500/7600/7700); or
3) the aircraft’s failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point; whichever is later, and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan;

Answer 34

When the pilot of an IFR flight experiencing a COM failure flying in IMC considers it inadvisable to continue to destination aerodrome, the aircraft shall:

a) in airspace where radar is not used maintain the last assigned speed and level for a period of (20) minutes following the aircraft’s failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan;
b) in airspace where radar is used maintain the last assigned speed and level for a period of (7) minutes following:
1) the time the last assigned level or minimum flight altitude is reached; or
2) the time the transponder is set to Code (7600); or
3) the aircraft’s failure to report its position over a compulsory reporting point; whichever is later, and thereafter adjust level and speed in accordance with the filed flight plan;

Question 35

At and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL, or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher

Airspace class F and G

Minimum flight visibility is (…) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (…)

Answer 35

At and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL, or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher

Airspace class F and G

Minimum flight visibility is (5) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (clear of cloud and with the surface in sight)

Question 36

At and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL, or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher

Airspace class A to E

Minimum flight visibility is (…) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (…) m horizontally, (…) ft vertically

Answer 36

At and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL, or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher

Airspace class A to E

Minimum flight visibility is (5) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (1500) m horizontally, (1000) ft vertically (or 300 m)

Question 37

Below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL and above 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL, or above 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher

Airspace class A to G

Minimum flight visibility is (…) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (…) m horizontally, (…) ft vertically

Answer 37

Below 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL and above 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL, or above 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher

Airspace class A to G

Minimum flight visibility is (5) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (1500) m horizontally, (1000) ft vertically (or 300 m)

Question 38

At and above 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL

Airspace class A to G

Minimum flight visibility is (…) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (…) m horizontally, (…) ft vertically

Answer 38

At and above 3 050 m (10 000 ft) AMSL

Airspace class A to G

Minimum flight visibility is (8) km

Minimum distance from cloud is (1500) m horizontally, (1000) ft vertically (or 300 m)

Question 39

Except when a special VFR clearance is obtained from an air traffic control unit, VFR flights shall not take off or land at an aerodrome within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or aerodrome traffic circuit when the reported meteorological conditions at that aerodrome are below the following minima:

(1) the ceiling is less than (…) ft; or
(2) the ground visibility is less than (…) km.

Answer 39

Except when a special VFR clearance is obtained from an air traffic control unit, VFR flights shall not take off or land at an aerodrome within a control zone, or enter the aerodrome traffic zone or aerodrome traffic circuit when the reported meteorological conditions at that aerodrome are below the following minima:

(1) the ceiling is less than (1 500) ft; or
(2) the ground visibility is less than (5) km.

Question 40

VFR flights at night may be permitted, amongst others, under the following condition:

the general VMC visibility and distance from cloud minima shall apply except that:

(i) the ceiling shall not be less than (…) ft;
(ii) the reduced flight visibility provisions shall not apply;
(iii) at and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher, the pilot shall maintain (…); and
(v) for mountainous area, higher VMC visibility and distance from cloud minima may be prescribed by the competent authority;

Answer 40

VFR flights at night may be permitted, amongst others, under the following condition:

the general VMC visibility and distance from cloud minima shall apply except that:

(i) the ceiling shall not be less than (1 500)ft;
(ii) the reduced flight visibility provisions shall not apply;
(iii) at and below 900 m (3 000 ft) AMSL or 300 m (1 000 ft) above terrain, whichever is the higher, the pilot shall maintain (continuous sight of the surface); and
(v) for mountainous area, higher VMC visibility and distance from cloud minima may be prescribed by the competent authority;

Question 41

VFR flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating:

(1) at speeds of (…) kts IAS or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision; or
(2) in an area (…)

Answer 41

VFR flight visibilities reduced to not less than 1 500 m may be permitted for flights operating:

(1) at speeds of (140) kts IAS or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic or any obstacles in time to avoid collision; or
(2) in an area (with low chance of encounters with other traffic)

Question 42

Special VFR in a control zone is only allowed when:

(1) (…);
(2) the flight visibility is not less than (…) m;
(3) fly at a speed of (…) kts IAS or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid a collision;

Answer 42

Special VFR in a control zone is only allowed when:

(1) (clear of cloud and with the surface in sight);
(2) the flight visibility is not less than (1 500) m;
(3) fly at a speed of (140) kts IAS or less to give adequate opportunity to observe other traffic and any obstacles in time to avoid a collision;

Question 43

Minimum flight altitude for IFR flights:

(1) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least (…) ft above the highest obstacle located within (…) km of the estimated position of the aircraft;
(2) elsewhere than as specified in (1), at a level which is at least (…) ft above the highest obstacle located within (…) km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Answer 43

Minimum flight altitude for IFR flights:

(1) over high terrain or in mountainous areas, at a level which is at least (2 000) ft above the highest obstacle located within (8) km of the estimated position of the aircraft;
(2) elsewhere than as specified in (1), at a level which is at least (1 000) ft above the highest obstacle located within (8) km of the estimated position of the aircraft.

Question 44

Change from IFR flight to VFR flight shall only be acceptable when a message initiated by the pilot-in-command containing the specific expression ‘(…)’, together with the changes, if any, to be made to the current flight plan, is received by an ATS unit.

Answer 44

Change from IFR flight to VFR flight shall only be acceptable when a message initiated by the pilot-in-command containing the specific expression ‘(CANCELLING MY IFR FLIGHT)’, together with the changes, if any, to be made to the current flight plan, is received by an ATS unit.

Question 45

You are flying a track of 010°(T) and 355°(M). The lowest flight level you can fly above FL280 in non-RVSM airspace is FL(…).

Answer 45

You are flying a track of 010°(T) and 355°(M). The lowest flight level you can fly above FL280 in non-RVSM airspace is FL(310).

source: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf12/Document%20Archive/an02_cons%5B1%5D.pdf

Question 46

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 125° in non-RVSM airspace is FL(280/290/310/350)

Answer 46

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 125° in non-RVSM airspace is FL(290)

source: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf12/Document%20Archive/an02_cons%5B1%5D.pdf

Question 47

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 098° in RVSM airspace is FL(300/330/380/400)

Answer 47

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 098° in RVSM airspace is FL(330)

source: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf12/Document%20Archive/an02_cons%5B1%5D.pdf

Question 48

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 350° in RVSM airspace is FL(105/115/400/410)

Answer 48

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 350° in RVSM airspace is FL(400)

source: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf12/Document%20Archive/an02_cons%5B1%5D.pdf

Question 49

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 230° in RVSM airspace is FL(350/380/390/420)

Answer 49

An appropriate IFR FL for a magnetic track of 230° in RVSM airspace is FL(380)

source: https://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf12/Document%20Archive/an02_cons%5B1%5D.pdf

Question 50

When an aircraft equipped with SSR transponder is intercepted by another aircraft, it shall, unless instructed otherwise, immediately select Transponder code (7500/7600/7700), Mode (A/C).

Answer 50

When an aircraft equipped with SSR transponder is intercepted by another aircraft, it shall, unless instructed otherwise, immediately select Transponder code (7700), Mode (A)​.

- Mode A instead of C to suppress TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) warning and only allow Traffic Advisory (TA) -

Question 51

An aircraft which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately attempt to establish radio communication with the intercepting aircraft by making a general call on frequency (…) MHz. If no contact has been established, repeat this call on frequency (…) MHz.

Answer 51

An aircraft which is intercepted by another aircraft shall immediately attempt to establish radio communication with the intercepting aircraft by making a general call on frequency (121.5) MHz. If no contact has been established, repeat this call on frequency (243) MHz.