Zoonotic Pathogens

Question 1

Ancylostoma spp. causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 1

type of hookworm that causes cutaneous larval migrans

infects and causes dermatitis in children walking barefoot through fields

Question 2

Ascaris suum rarely causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 2

roundworm of pigs; infection in humans is very rare and signs are neurologic or hematologic

Question 3

Bartonellosis henselae causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 3

“cat scratch fever,” the owner is infected with the bacteria from flea feces when the cat bites or scratches the owner. Commonly, the bacteria cause fever, malaise, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. Often, cats show no clinical signs. Dogs can be exposed via tick or flea vector and show signs similar to humans, including possible endocarditis.

Question 4

Baylisascaris procyonis causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 4

Ascarid (roundworm) found in the small intestine of raccoons. The results in humans is larval migrans to the brain causing CNS disease. It may migrate to the eye and usually affects children.

Question 5

Campylobacter causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 5

Campylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial cause of diarrheal illness in the United States. It is a food borne pathogen transmitted from contaminated food or water. Campylobacter are mainly spiral-shaped, “S”-shaped, or curved, rod-shaped bacteria. Campylobacter species are widely distributed in most warm-blooded animals. They are prevalent in food animals such as poultry, cattle, pigs, sheep and ostriches; and in pets, including cats and dogs. The bacteria have also been found in shellfish.

The main route of transmission is generally believed to be foodborne, via undercooked meat and meat products, as well as raw or contaminated milk. Contaminated water or ice is also a source of infection. A proportion of cases occur following contact with contaminated water during recreational activities.

Question 6

Chlamydophila psattaci causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 6

respiratory psittacosis in humans

Question 7

Coxiella burnetii causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 7

Small gram negative spore-forming intracellular bacterium acquired from sheep, “Q fever” in humans causes fever, headache, fatigue, premature delivery, or abortions.

Question 8

Cutaneous larval migrans is caused by?

Answer 8

Hookworm (ancylostoma)

Question 9

Which E Coli spp is known for causing food borne illness?

Answer 9

E. coli 0157:H7. Produces “shiga-like toxins” - food borne pathogen causes hemorrhagic diarrhea and is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HSU) in susceptible individuals

Question 10

Francisella tularensis causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 10

“Rabbit fever” rabbit is natural host

Question 11

Guillian-Barre Syndrome is a zoonotic disease caused by what agent?

Answer 11

Inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy in humans due to food-borne pathogen - Campylobacter jejuni

Question 12

Hepatitis E virus causes what zoonotic syndrome?

Answer 12

Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Although rare in developed countries, hepatitis E is widespread in the developing world. In the vast majority of people, HEV infection results in a self-limited, acute illness. Typically causes mild signs but can cause liver damage, fatigue, and jaundice.
HEV is usually spread by the fecal-oral route. In developing countries with HEV1 and 2, its transmitted in contaminated drinking water. In developed countries, sporadic cases of HEV3 have occurred following consumption of uncooked/undercooked pork or deer meat. HEV4, detected in China, Taiwan, and Japan, has also been associated with foodborne transmission

Question 13

Herpes simiae causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 13

Herpes B. relatively non-pathogenic in macaques, can cause fatal encephalitis if transmitted to humans. Herpes B virus. Old world monkeys can transmit this disease by bite or scratch. Macaques are the most frequent carriers. In monkeys, the disease can cause mild sore like lesions in times of stress. The strain of herpes is potentially fatal to humans. Similarly, humans carry a strain of herpes (herpes simplex virus) which can cause fatal encephalitis in monkeys.

Question 14

How do avian influenza viruses impact human influenza viruses?

Answer 14

Some of the genes can transfer from a bird strain into a human strain, thus producing a much more virulent strain that can affect humans. Influenza virus strains can readily exchange genes, especially between turkey strains and swine flu, but also between duck strains and swine flu or even duck flu and human influenza virus. These re-assorted new strains can prove highly virulent.

Question 15

Listeria nenocytogenes causes what zoonotic syndrome?

Answer 15

food borne pathogen; can cause fever and muscle aches, but it only sometimes causes gastrointestinal signs such as nausea and diarrhea.

Question 16

Shigella spp is a foodborne pathogen causing ____?

Answer 16

Diarrhea. Shigella spp are gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria genetically closely related to E. coli

Question 17

Taenia solium causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 17

swine cysticercosis in humans; occurs with ingestions of infected pork that is inadequately cooked containing cysticerci (larval stage). They evaginate and attach to the small intestine. The adult tapeworms develope (Taeniasis) but cannot complete life cycle until they are consumed in the cyst form (from pork) versus direct ingestion.

Question 18

Toxocara canis causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 18

roundworm - children’s eyes, visceral larval migrans

Question 19

Is true Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) zoonotic?

Answer 19

No. It’s a rare disorder that can occur due to a genetic mutation or may occur sporadically. Patients may experience psychiatric symptoms such as depression or a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Unusual sensory symptoms may also occur. Neurological signs progress to difficulty walking and involuntary movements, and, by the time of death, patients become completely immobile and mute.

Question 20

Is variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) zoonotic?

Answer 20

Maybe. Typically affects younger people and has been strongly linked to exposure, probably through food, to the cattle prion causing BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)

Question 21

What causes Visceral larval migrans?

Answer 21

round worms, toxocara

Question 22

Yersinia enterocalitiea causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 22

food borne pathogen; severe abdominal pain and fever, acquired from eating pork

Question 23

Echinococcus granulosus causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 23

Parasite in dog that causes hydatid cyst disease in humans, which can be fatal. A hydatid tapeworm which is non-pathogenic in dogs but it highly pathogenic to fatal in humans and other intermediate hosts in which a hydatid cyst forms. The infection is acquired in dogs by eating raw sheep meat of viscera infected with the parasite. All dogs suspected of being infected should be treated with praziquantel.

Question 24

Sarcocystis hominis causes what zoonotic disease?

Answer 24

Ruminant intermediate host, human definitive host. responsible for intestinal sarcocystosis in the human hos

Question 25

What is the most common source of campylobacter infection in humans?

Answer 25

Undercooked chicken

Question 26

Gnathostoma

Answer 26

A nematode parasite that involves a freshwater copepod (small crustacean) intermediate host ingesting eggs in feces of definitive host (pigs, dogs, cats). Fish/amphibians/ducks etc are the second intermediate host; definitive hosts or humans (aberrant host) can become infected by eating raw intermediate host. Not found in the US. Found in humans or animals eating raw fish in Japan, China, Southeast Asia and sometimes central/east Europe or Australia. Prevented by proper disposal of feces of definitive host.

Question 27

Staph aureus is a foodborne illness; what causes the illness?

Answer 27

Heat stable enterotoxin