Zoonotic Pathogens Flashcards
Ancylostoma spp. causes what zoonotic disease?
type of hookworm that causes cutaneous larval migrans
infects and causes dermatitis in children walking barefoot through fields
Ascaris suum rarely causes what zoonotic disease?
roundworm of pigs; infection in humans is very rare and signs are neurologic or hematologic
Bartonellosis henselae causes what zoonotic disease?
“cat scratch fever,” the owner is infected with the bacteria from flea feces when the cat bites or scratches the owner. Commonly, the bacteria cause fever, malaise, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy. Often, cats show no clinical signs. Dogs can be exposed via tick or flea vector and show signs similar to humans, including possible endocarditis.
Baylisascaris procyonis causes what zoonotic disease?
Ascarid (roundworm) found in the small intestine of raccoons. The results in humans is larval migrans to the brain causing CNS disease. It may migrate to the eye and usually affects children.
Campylobacter causes what zoonotic disease?
Campylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial cause of diarrheal illness in the United States. It is a food borne pathogen transmitted from contaminated food or water. Campylobacter are mainly spiral-shaped, “S”-shaped, or curved, rod-shaped bacteria. Campylobacter species are widely distributed in most warm-blooded animals. They are prevalent in food animals such as poultry, cattle, pigs, sheep and ostriches; and in pets, including cats and dogs. The bacteria have also been found in shellfish.
The main route of transmission is generally believed to be foodborne, via undercooked meat and meat products, as well as raw or contaminated milk. Contaminated water or ice is also a source of infection. A proportion of cases occur following contact with contaminated water during recreational activities.
Chlamydophila psattaci causes what zoonotic disease?
respiratory psittacosis in humans
Coxiella burnetii causes what zoonotic disease?
Small gram negative spore-forming intracellular bacterium acquired from sheep, “Q fever” in humans causes fever, headache, fatigue, premature delivery, or abortions.
Cutaneous larval migrans is caused by?
Hookworm (ancylostoma)
Which E Coli spp is known for causing food borne illness?
E. coli 0157:H7. Produces “shiga-like toxins” - food borne pathogen causes hemorrhagic diarrhea and is associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HSU) in susceptible individuals
Francisella tularensis causes what zoonotic disease?
“Rabbit fever” rabbit is natural host
Guillian-Barre Syndrome is a zoonotic disease caused by what agent?
Inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy in humans due to food-borne pathogen - Campylobacter jejuni
Hepatitis E virus causes what zoonotic syndrome?
Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Although rare in developed countries, hepatitis E is widespread in the developing world. In the vast majority of people, HEV infection results in a self-limited, acute illness. Typically causes mild signs but can cause liver damage, fatigue, and jaundice.
HEV is usually spread by the fecal-oral route. In developing countries with HEV1 and 2, its transmitted in contaminated drinking water. In developed countries, sporadic cases of HEV3 have occurred following consumption of uncooked/undercooked pork or deer meat. HEV4, detected in China, Taiwan, and Japan, has also been associated with foodborne transmission
Herpes simiae causes what zoonotic disease?
Herpes B. relatively non-pathogenic in macaques, can cause fatal encephalitis if transmitted to humans. Herpes B virus. Old world monkeys can transmit this disease by bite or scratch. Macaques are the most frequent carriers. In monkeys, the disease can cause mild sore like lesions in times of stress. The strain of herpes is potentially fatal to humans. Similarly, humans carry a strain of herpes (herpes simplex virus) which can cause fatal encephalitis in monkeys.
How do avian influenza viruses impact human influenza viruses?
Some of the genes can transfer from a bird strain into a human strain, thus producing a much more virulent strain that can affect humans. Influenza virus strains can readily exchange genes, especially between turkey strains and swine flu, but also between duck strains and swine flu or even duck flu and human influenza virus. These re-assorted new strains can prove highly virulent.
Listeria nenocytogenes causes what zoonotic syndrome?
food borne pathogen; can cause fever and muscle aches, but it only sometimes causes gastrointestinal signs such as nausea and diarrhea.
Shigella spp is a foodborne pathogen causing ____?
Diarrhea. Shigella spp are gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, nonspore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacteria genetically closely related to E. coli
Taenia solium causes what zoonotic disease?
swine cysticercosis in humans; occurs with ingestions of infected pork that is inadequately cooked containing cysticerci (larval stage). They evaginate and attach to the small intestine. The adult tapeworms develope (Taeniasis) but cannot complete life cycle until they are consumed in the cyst form (from pork) versus direct ingestion.
Toxocara canis causes what zoonotic disease?
roundworm - children’s eyes, visceral larval migrans
Is true Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) zoonotic?
No. It’s a rare disorder that can occur due to a genetic mutation or may occur sporadically. Patients may experience psychiatric symptoms such as depression or a schizophrenia-like psychosis. Unusual sensory symptoms may also occur. Neurological signs progress to difficulty walking and involuntary movements, and, by the time of death, patients become completely immobile and mute.
Is variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) zoonotic?
Maybe. Typically affects younger people and has been strongly linked to exposure, probably through food, to the cattle prion causing BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy)
What causes Visceral larval migrans?
round worms, toxocara
Yersinia enterocalitiea causes what zoonotic disease?
food borne pathogen; severe abdominal pain and fever, acquired from eating pork
Echinococcus granulosus causes what zoonotic disease?
Parasite in dog that causes hydatid cyst disease in humans, which can be fatal. A hydatid tapeworm which is non-pathogenic in dogs but it highly pathogenic to fatal in humans and other intermediate hosts in which a hydatid cyst forms. The infection is acquired in dogs by eating raw sheep meat of viscera infected with the parasite. All dogs suspected of being infected should be treated with praziquantel.
Sarcocystis hominis causes what zoonotic disease?
Ruminant intermediate host, human definitive host. responsible for intestinal sarcocystosis in the human hos
What is the most common source of campylobacter infection in humans?
Undercooked chicken
Gnathostoma
A nematode parasite that involves a freshwater copepod (small crustacean) intermediate host ingesting eggs in feces of definitive host (pigs, dogs, cats). Fish/amphibians/ducks etc are the second intermediate host; definitive hosts or humans (aberrant host) can become infected by eating raw intermediate host. Not found in the US. Found in humans or animals eating raw fish in Japan, China, Southeast Asia and sometimes central/east Europe or Australia. Prevented by proper disposal of feces of definitive host.
Staph aureus is a foodborne illness; what causes the illness?
Heat stable enterotoxin
