Zoo and companion exotics Flashcards
Old world vs new world primates
Old world: Asia and Africa, no prehensile tail. Ie colobus monkey, proboscis monkeys, langur
New World: South and Central America
Squamous metaplasia occurs in ____ deficiency in turtles and most commonly causes changes to the tear ducts.
vitamin A deficiency
Cryptosporidiosis in reptile
Clinical signs include regurgitation, weight loss, and debilitation. The organism causes thickening of the gastrointestinal mucosa and loss of motility. Diagnosis is made by acid-fast staining of fresh feces or regurgitated food. Since there is not effective treatment euthanasia is often recommended.
There is no effective treatment
Entamoebra spp.
Protozoa; turtle carriers, severe gastrointestinal signs and death in snakes. Diagnosis is based on identification of trophozoites or cysts in fecal smears or histologic sections. Metronidazole is the treatment of choice. Turtles and snakes should not be housed together.
Gentamicin in reptiles
Cannot give in caudal half of body. Reptiles have a renal-portal system in which blood from the caudal half of the body passes through the kidney before returning to the heart. Therefore, administration of a potentially nephrotoxic drug, as are all aminoglycosides, would be contraindicated int eh caudal half.
Gravid female iguana
Clinical signs: change in behavior such as hyperactivity and irritability, anorexia, and enlarged abdomen. They are most likely to present from November to June. On physical exam you can typically feel the lumps on the abdomen which are the large eggs. Intervention in the form of an ovariohysterectomy is performed if attempts at inducing oviposition fail.
Red leg in frog
bacterial septicaemia
Septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease in turtles
SCUD - Citrobacter dreudii causes pitted scutes that slough with underlying purulent exudate, petechia on the skin and liver necrosis also common - good husbandry and Chloramphenicol
Inculsion body disease in snake
Exact cause is known, but a retrovirus is strongly suspected. Additionally, it seems as though the snake mite, Ophionyssus natricus is associated with the transmission. History or regurgitation of the past two weeks and no an inability to right itself.
Ulcerative Dermatitis in lizards/snakes
scale rot
Turtle Vitamin A Deficiency
characterised by swollen eyelids
Infectious stomatitis
Occurs commonly in lizards, turtles, and snakes. Aeromonas adn Pseudomonas spp are commonly isolated from the lesions. Clinical sings include petechiation and caseous material build up within the mouth. Treatment is aimed at debridement and antibiotics.
Baylisascaris procyonis
racoon roundworm
Bordetella bronchiseptica
small, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Bordetella.[1] It can cause infectious bronchitis in dogs and other animals
CAR bacillus in rat
gram negative bacterium that causes severe bronchiectasis, pulmonary abscesses, and atelectasis. It is found with Mycoplasma pulmonis when respiratory signs are evident in rats. It is not known if it can cause disease on its own.
Cheyletiella parasitovorax
rabbit fur mite and causes white flakes that resemble dandruff along dorsum
Cilia-associated respiraoty (CAR) bacillus infection in rats
associated with Mycoplasma pulmonis
Corynebacteria kutschemi
Pseudotuberculosis in rats (dyspnea, oculonasal discharge, rough hair coat, and hunched posture, usually subclinical), pneumonia in rats Impression smear shows the characteristics “Chinese character” formation. Culture of the bacteria or serology can diagnose the infection as well.
Daily water requirement for a rabbit
120 ml/kg
Dietary recommendations for a ferret
The diet should be low in fiber and carbohydrates. Ferrets are strict carnivores that depend on meat proteins and fats. They need a highly digestible diet due to their short GI transit time. They lack intestinal flora to break down complex carbohydrates and diets rich in carbohydrates will lead to protein or fat malnutrition. Ferrets also cannot tolerate large amounts of fiber. High levels of plant proteins are associated with urolithiasis. Ferrets should not be fasted for longer than 6 hours as they irritable; additionally, if they develop insulinomas (which are not uncommon), periods without food can result in severe, fatal hypoglycemia. A high-quality dry kitten food or commercial ferret diet is appropriate.
Encephalitozoan cuniculi
rabbit microsporidian parasite that causes neurologic and renal disease. The parasite directly infects the lenses of rabbits and causes phacoclastic cataracts and uveitis. Lens removal is the treatment required and steroids for the uveitis.
Ferret adrenal gland tumor treatment
Surgical removal
normal cortisol levels
Seeing this on all four paws at the same time suggests:
plasma cell pododermatitis
