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Microbiology > Zoonotic bacteria and pleomorphic > Flashcards

Zoonotic bacteria and pleomorphic Flashcards

1
Q

Zoonosis?

A

infectious disease transmitted between animals and humans

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2
Q

Anaplasma - disease / transmission and source

A
  • Anaplasmosis

- ixode ticks (live on deer and mice)

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3
Q

ixode tick is the vector of

A
  1. Borrelia burdorferi
  2. Anaplasma
  3. protozoa Babesia
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4
Q

Borrelia burdorferi - disease / transmission and source

A 
Lyme disease 
ixode ticks (live on deer and mice)
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5
Q

Bartonella - disease

A
  1. cat scratch disease

2. bacillary angiomatosis

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6
Q

bacillary angiomatosis?

A

Benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients caused by Bartonella henselae infections

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7
Q

bacillary angiomatosis vs kaposi sarcoma according to histology

A

Bacillary angiomatosis –> neutrophilic infiltrate

Kaposi sarcoma –> lymphocytic infiltrate

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8
Q

Bartonella diseases are caused by

A

cat scratch

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9
Q

cat scratch disease?

A

cutaneous lesion at the site of cat scratch/bute with regional lymphadenopathy with fever and malaise

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10
Q

cat scratch disease - biopsy

A

granoulomas

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11
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - disease

A
  1. Major cause of bloody diarrhea (esp in children)
  2. Guillain - Barre
  3. Reactive arthritis `
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12
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - transmission

A
  1. Fecal-oral transmission through person-person
  2. ingestion of poultry, meat (undercooked), unpasteurized milk
  3. contact with infected animals (dogs, cats, pigs)
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13
Q

Clamydophila psittaci - disease / transmission and source

A

Psittacosis

aerosol (Parrots and other birds)

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14
Q

Coxiella burnetti - disease / transmission and source

A

Q fever

aerosol of cattle/sheep amniotic fluid

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15
Q

Ehrlichia caffeensis - disease / transmission and source

A

Ehrlichiosis

Ambylomma (Lone star tick) - white tailed deer

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16
Q

Franciella tularencis - disease / transmission and source

A

Tularemia
ticks
rabbits, deer fly (handling of infected animals, aerosolization)

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17
Q

Tularemia - forms (and proportions)

A
  1. Ulcerroglandular form (80%)

2. typhoidal form (10-15%) (pneumonia and bacteremia)

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18
Q

Leptospira - transmission and source

A

Animal urine

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19
Q

Mycobacterium leprae - disease / transmission and source

A

Leprosy (Hansen disease)
Humans with lepromatous leprosy
armadillo (rare)

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20
Q

Pasteruella multocida - disease / transmission and source

A
  1. Cellulitis
  2. Osteomyelitis
    animal bite, cat, dog
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21
Q

Yesrinia pestis - disease / source and transmission (and resevoirs)

A

PLAQUE

  1. fleas (rats and prairie are dogs reservoirs)
  2. contact with infected animals
  3. aerosol
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22
Q

Yesrinia pestis reservoirs

A

rats and prairie are dogs

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23
Q

Rickettsia prowazeki - disease / transmission

A

Epidemic typhus

hyman to human via human body louse

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24
Q

Rickettsia rickettsi - disease / transmission and source

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

Dermacentor (dog tick)

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25
Q

Rickettsia typhi - disease / transmission

A

Endemic typhus

rodent fleas

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26
Q

pleomorphic bacteria

A
  1. Gardnerella vaginalis
  2. Ricketsia
  3. Chlamydiae
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27
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - disease

A

bacterial vaginosis

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28
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - characteristics / gram

A

pleomorphic, gram variable rob

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29
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - presents as

A
  • a gray vaginal discharge with a fishi smell

- non painful

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30
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - sex

A

is associated with sexual activity but it is not an STD

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31
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - smell

A

fishy

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32
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - treatment

A

metronidazole or clindamycin

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33
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis is also characterized by … (in vagina)

A

overgrowth of certain anaerobic bacteria in vagina

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34
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - diagnosis

A
  1. Amine whiff test

2. Clue cell on saline smear (under the microscope)

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35
Q

Amine whiff test?

A

mixing discharge with 10% kOH enhances fishy odor (bacterial vaginosis - Gardnerella vaginalis)

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36
Q

Clue cell?

A

vaginal epithelial cells covered with Gardonella bacteria (stippled appearance along outer margins) - visible under the microscope

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37
Q

Clue cell are visible under the

A

microscope

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38
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - treatment

A

metronidazole or clindamycin

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39
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis - type of inflammation

A

no inflammation

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40
Q

vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases

A

Rash rare: 1. Ehrlichiosis 2. Anaplasmosis 3. Q fever

Rash common: 1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever 2. Typhus

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41
Q

vector-borne illness - rash common diseases

A
  1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

2. Typhus

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42
Q

causes of Rocky Mountain spotted fever / transmission and source

A

Rickettssia rickettsii

Dermacentor (dog tick)

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43
Q

Rickettssia rickettsii - area (map)

A

despite its name –> occurs primarily in:

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES (NORTH CAROLINA)

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44
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever - symptoms

A

classic triad:

  1. headache
  2. fever
  3. rash (vasculitis)
45
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever - rash

A

typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spreads to trunk, palms and soles

46
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever - treatment

A

all vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases –> doxycycline

47
Q

palms and soles rash - DDx (diseases and causes)

A
  1. Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettssia rickettsii)
  2. 2ry Syphilis (treponema pallidum)
  3. hand, foot and mouth disease (Coxsaxkievirus A)
48
Q

Typhus is caused by

A

Rickettssia typhi –> Endemic typhus

Rickettssia prowazekii –> epidemic typhis

49
Q

Rickettssia typhi - transmission and source

A

rodent fleas

50
Q

Rickettssia prowazekii - transmission and source

A

human body louse

51
Q

typhus - symptoms

A

classic triad:

  1. headache
  2. fever
  3. rash (vasculitis)
52
Q

typhus - rash

A

starts centrally and spreads out, SPARING palms and soles

53
Q

Ricketsial disease - symptoms

A

classic triad:

  1. headache
  2. fever
  3. rash (vasculitis)
54
Q

Typhus treatment

A

all vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases –> doxycycline

55
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever vs typus according to rash

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever –> typically starts at wrists and ankles and then spreads to trunk, palms and soles
Typhus –> starts centrally and spreads out, sparing palms and soles

56
Q

vector-borne illness - rash rare diseases / caused by

A
  1. Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia chaffensis)
  2. Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma)
  3. Q fever (Coxiella burnetii)
57
Q

Ehrlichia chaffensis - transmission and source

A

Ambylomma (Lone star tick) - white tailed deer

58
Q

Ehrlichia chaffensis - histology

A

monocytes with morulae (berry-like inclussion) in cytoplasm

59
Q

anaplasmosis - source and transmission

A

ixode ticks (live on deer and mice)

60
Q

anaplasma - histology

A

granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm

61
Q

anaplasma vs Ehrlichia chaffensis according to cells

A

Mnemonic EMAN:
Ehrlichia –> Monocytes
Anaplsma –> granulocytosis

62
Q

Q fever vs all other vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases

A

Q fever –> NO ARTHROPOD VECTOR/SPORE FORMING

63
Q

Q fever is caused by / manifestations

A

Coxiella burnetii

  1. pneumonia
  2. MCC of culture negative endocarditis
64
Q

Coxiella burnetii - Rickettsial family

A

Coxiella burnetii is not in the Rickettsia genus, but closely related

65
Q

Q fever - rash?

66
Q

Q fever - mechanism of transmission

A

Spores inhaled as aerosols from cattle/sheep amnitoic fluid

67
Q

MCC of culture negative endocarditis

68
Q

culture negative infective endocarditis

A
  1. Coxiella burnetti
  2. Bartonella
  3. HACEK
  4. prior treatment with antibiotics
69
Q

Clamydiae - ATP

A

cannot make their own ATP. They are obligate

70
Q

Clamydiae - intracellular organisms that causes …. infections

71
Q

Clamydiae - how many forms (and which)

A

2 forms: 1. elementary body 2. Reticulate body

72
Q

Clamydiae - forms and mechanism

A

Elementary body is infectious and enters cell via endocytosis, transforms into reticulate body. Reticulate body replicates in cell by fission and reorganizes into elementary body

73
Q

Clamydiae - chlamys means

A

cloak (intracellular)

74
Q

Clamydiae - bags

A
  1. Chamydia trachomatis
  2. Chlamydia pneumonia
  3. Chlamydia psittaci
75
Q

Chlamydia psittaci reservoir / presentation / transmitted by

A
  • avian reservoir (parrots)
  • atypical pneumonia
  • transmitted by aerosol
76
Q

Chlamydia pneumonia causes / transmitted by

A
  • atypical pneumonia

- transmitted by aerosol

77
Q

Chamydia trachomatis trachomatis causes (generally)

A
  1. reactive arthritis (Reiter)
  2. follicular conjuctivitis
  3. nongonococcal urethritis
  4. PID
78
Q

Chlamydia - treatment

A

azythromycin (favored because in time treatment) or doxycline

79
Q

Gram stain limitations - Chlamydia - mechanism

A
  1. intracellular parasite

2. lacks classic peptidoglycan because of low muramic acid

80
Q

Chlamydia - lacks classic peptidoglycan because of low muramic acid –>

A
  1. Gram stain limitations

2. β - lactam antibiotics less effective

81
Q

Chlamydia - β - lactam antibiotics

A

less effective due to lack of classic peptidoglycan because of low muramic acid

82
Q

Chlamydia - lab diagnosis

A

cytoplasmic infusions seen on Giemsa or fluorescent antibody - stain classic

83
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes

A
  1. types A,B and C
  2. types D-K
  3. Types L1, L2 and L3
84
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B and C CAUSES

A

trachoma, a chronic infection due to follicular conjuctivitis in Africa –> blindness

85
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B and C - map

86
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B and C - MNEMONIC

A

ABC
Africa
Blindness
Chronic infection

87
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K causes

A
  1. Urethritis/PID
  2. ectopic pregnancy
  3. neonatal pneumonia (staccato cough) with eosinophilia
  4. neonatal conjunctivitis
88
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K - transmission

A
  1. STD

2. passage through infected birth canal

89
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 causes

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

90
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum - caused by/definition

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3

small, painless ulcers on genitalis–> swollen painful inguinal lymph nobes thet ulcerates (buboes)

91
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum - treatment

A

doxycycline

92
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - causes

A

classic cause of atypical walking pneumonia

insidius onset, headache, nonproductive cough, patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates

93
Q

atypical walking pneumonia - causes/findings/symptoms

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

insidius onset, headache, nonproductive cough, patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates

94
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - appearance

A

pleomorphic, no cell wall

95
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - gram

A

Not seen because no cell wall

96
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - structure

A

pleomorphic, no cell wall

bacterial membrane contains STEROLS for stability

97
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - bacterial membrane contains ….. for stability

98
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is more common in patients (age)

A

under thirty

99
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - frequent oubreaks in

A

military recruits and prisons

100
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - treatment

A

macrolides, doxycycline, or fluoroquinolone

101
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - penicillin

A

ineffective since no cell wall

102
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - labs

A
  1. x-ray: patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates (looks worse than the patient)
  2. high titer of colod agglutinins (IgM), which agglutinate or lyse RBCs
  3. grown on EATON agar
103
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - IGM

A

high titer of colod agglutinins (IgM), which agglutinate or lyse RBCs

104
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae grown on

A

EATON agar

105
Q

Q fever - treatment

A

all vector-borne illness - rash common and rash rare diseases –> doxycycline

106
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae - labs

A
  1. x-ray: patchy or diffuse interistial infiltrates (looks worse than the patient)
  2. high titer of colod agglutinins (IgM), which agglutinate or lyse RBCs
  3. grown on EATON agar
107
Q

Brucella causes (and transmission)

A

Brucellosis/undulant fever

Unpasteurized milk

108
Q

Rickettsia - transmission and source (and result)

A
  1. R. prowazekii –> human to human body human body louse –> epidemic typhous
  2. R. typhi –> Rodent Fleas –> endemic typhus
  3. R. rickettsii –> Dermacentor (dog tick) –> Rocky mountain spotted fever

Microbiology (25 decks)

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