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Microbiology > Gram (-) - 2 > Flashcards

Gram (-) - 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Klebsiella - location

A

intestinal flora

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2
Q

Klebsiella - characteristics

A

robs, lactose FAST fermenter, polysaccharide capsule

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3
Q

Klebsiella - clinical manifestation (and situations)

A
  1. lobar pneumonia (and bronchopneumonia) (in alcoholics, diabetes)
  2. UTI (nosocomial)
  3. Abscess in Lung and liver
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4
Q

Klebsiella - pneumonia (types and situations)

A

lobar pneumonia in alcoholics, diabetes when aspirated

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5
Q

Klebsiella - appearance (clinically)

A
  1. very mucoid colonies caused by abundant polysaccharide capsule
  2. dark red currant jelly sputum (blood/mucus)
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6
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - characteristics

A

gram (-), oxidase comma (or S) shape, grows in 42c

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7
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - clinical manifestations

A
  1. Major cause of bloody diarrhea (especially in children)
  2. Guillain-Barre syndrome
  3. reactive arthritis
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8
Q

Campylobacter jejuni - transmission

A
  1. Fecal-oral transmission through person-person
  2. ingestion of poultry, meat (undercooked), unpasteurized milk
  3. contact with infected animals (dogs, cats, pigs)
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9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni grows in … c

A

42

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10
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of

A

bloody diarrhea (especially in children)

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11
Q

Salmonella - characteristics

A

gram (-), rob, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase - produce H2S in TSI agar

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12
Q

Shigella - characteristics

A

gram (-), rob, lactose nonfermenter, oxidase - NOT produce H2S in TSI agar

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13
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - reservoir

A

Salmonella typhi –> only human
other salmonella –> human and animals (poultry, pets, turtle)
shigella –> humans only

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14
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - spread

A

Salmonella typhi –> can disseminated hemategenously
other salmonella –> can disseminated hemategenously
shigella –> cell - to - cell/ no hematogenous spread

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15
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella -H2S production

A

Salmonella typhi –> yes
other salmonella –>yes
shigella –> no

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16
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - flagella

A

Salmonella typhi –> yes (salmon swim)
other salmonella –> yes (salmon swim)
shigella –> no

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17
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - virulence factors

A

Salmonella typhi –> endotoxin, Vi capsule
other salmonella –> endotoxin
shigella –> Endotoxin, shiga toxin (enterotoxin)

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18
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - effects of antibiotics on fecal excretion

A

Salmonella typhi –> prolongs duration
other salmonella –> prolongs duration
shigella –> shortens duration

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19
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - immune response

A

Salmonella typhi –> primarily moncytes
other salmonella –>PMNs in disseminated disease
shigella –> Primarily PMN infiltration

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20
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - GI manifestation

A

Salmonella typhi –> constipation, followed by diarrhea
other salmonella –>bloody diarrhea
shigella –> bloody diarrhea (bacillary dysentery)

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21
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - vaccine

A

Salmonella typhi –> yes
other salmonella –> no
shigella –> no

22
Q

Salmonella typhi - vaccine

A

oral vaccine –> live attenuated S. typhi

IM vaccine –> contains Vi capsular polysaccharide

23
Q

salmonella (except typhi) causes / treatment

A

gastrenteritis (bloody diarrhea)

antibiotcis are not indicated

24
Q

shigella is transmitter by

A 
4Fs
Fingers
Flies
Food
Feces
25
Q

shigella infection with decreasing severity?

A 
less toxin produced --> cause disease due to invasion 
S. dysenteriae
S. flexneri 
S. boydii
S. sonnei
26
Q

shigella infection - the key to pathogenecity

27
Q

shigella infection - organism with little toxin can cause disease due to

28
Q

shigella - in order of decreasing severity (less toxin)

A

S. dysenteriae
S. flexneri
S. boydii
S. sonnei

29
Q

Salmonella typhi causes

A

typhoid fever

30
Q

typhoid fever is caused by/symptoms

A

Salmonella typhi

rose spots on abdomen constipation, abdominal pain, fever

31
Q

typhoid fever - treatment

A

ceftriaxone or flouroquinolone

32
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - carrier state?

A

Salmonella typhi - gallbladder colonization

33
Q

Vibrio cholera - characteristics

A

gram (-), grows in alkaline media, oxidase +, comma shape

34
Q

Vibrio cholera - mechanism of action

A

cholera toxin –> overactivates adenylate cyclase (increases cAMP) by permanently activateing Gs –> increases CL- secretion in gut and H20 efflux

35
Q

Vibrio cholera - endemic to

A

developing countries

36
Q

Vibrio cholera - symptoms

A

profuse rice water diarrhea

37
Q

Vibrio cholera - treatment

A

prompt oral rehydration is necessary

38
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica - transmission

A
  1. from pet feces (eg. puppies)
  2. contaminated milk
  3. pork
39
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica - clinical manifestations

A
  1. acute diarrhea

2. pseudo-appendicitis

40
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica - pseudo-appendicitis?

A

right lower abdominal pain due to mesenteric adenitis and/or terminal ileitis

41
Q

Helicobacter pylori causes (clinical manifestation)

A

Causes gasritis and peptic ulcers (especially duodenal)

42
Q

Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for

A
  1. Causes gasritis and peptic ulcers (especially duodenal)
  2. gastric adenocarcinoma
  3. MALT lymphoma
43
Q

Helicobacter pylori - characteristics

A

produces urease, oxidase +, comma (Curved) shape, catalase +

44
Q

Helicobacter pylori creates … environment

45
Q

Helicobacter pylori - test for diagnosis

A
  1. urea breath test
  2. fecal antigen test
  3. blood test - antibodies
  4. biopsy
46
Q

Helicobacter pylori - treatment

A

MC initial treatment:

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR + CLARITHROMYCIN + AMOXICILLIN (or metronidaxzole if penicillin allergy)

47
Q

Helicobacter pylori - stain

A

silver stain

48
Q

silver stain is used to stain

A
  1. Fungi (eg. Pneumocytosis)
  2. Legionella
  3. Helicobacter pylori
49
Q

Gram (-) - subgroups - oxidase +, comma shape

A
  1. Campylobacter jejuni (grows in 42c, oxidase +, comma shape)
  2. Vibrio cholera (grows in alkaline media, oxidase +, comma shape)
  3. Helicobacter pylori (produces urease, oxidase +, comma shape, catalase +)
50
Q

Salmonella typhi vs other salmonella vs shigella - infectious dose (ID50) and mechanism

A

Salmonella typhi –> high (large inoculum required becauses organism inactivated by gastric acid)
other salmonella –> high
shigella –> low (very small inoculum required, resistant to gastric acid)

51
Q

Vibro cholera - acid

A

Sensitive to stomach acid (acid labile) –> requires large inoculum (high ID50) unless host has decreased gastric acidity

Microbiology (25 decks)

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