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Microbiology > Mycoses - opportunistic fungi infections > Flashcards

Mycoses - opportunistic fungi infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

type of fungal infections

A
  1. systemic mycoses
  2. Cutaneous mycoses
  3. opportunistic fungal infections
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2
Q

opportunistic fungal infections - bugs?

A
  1. Candida ablicans
  2. Aspergillus Fugimatus
  3. Cryptococcus neoformans
  4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp.
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii
  6. Sporothrix schenckii
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3
Q

Candida ablicans causes ….. infection (generally) / name meaning

A

systemic of superficial

alba = white

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4
Q

Candida ablicans causes …. (and situations)

A
  1. Oral and esophageal thrush (immunocompromised –> neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS)
  2. vulvovaginitis (diabetes, antibiotics)
  3. diaper rash
  4. endocarditis (iv drug users)
  5. disseminated candidiasis
  6. chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
  7. osteomyelitis (IV drugs)
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5
Q

situations that increase the risk for opportunistic infections by candida

A
  1. immunocompromised –> neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS
  2. diabetes
  3. antibiotics
  4. IV drug users
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6
Q

Candida ablicans and antibiotics –>

A

vulvovaginitis

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7
Q

Candida ablicans and diabetes

A

vulvovaginitis, Oral and esophageal thrush

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8
Q

Candida ablicans - morphology

A

DIMORPHIC
pseudohyphae and budding yeast at twenty c.
germ tubes at thirty seven c

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9
Q

Candida ablicans - treatment

A

topical azole for vagina
nystatin, fluconazole or caspofungin for oral/esophageal
fluconazole or amphotericin B for systemic

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10
Q

Aspergillus fugimatous causes … (and situations)

A
  1. invasive aspergillosis (immunocompromised and with chronic granulomatous disease)
  2. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (associated with asthma, cystic fibrosis) –> bronhiectasia and eosinophilia
  3. Aspergillomas in lung cavitieus (esp after TB)
  4. produce aflatoxins –> hepatocellular CA
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11
Q

Aspergillus fugimatous - invasive aspergillosis esp in

A

immunocompromised and with chronic granulomatous disease

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12
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is associated with

A

asthma, cystic fibrosis

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13
Q

Aspergillus fugimatous - morphology

A 
NOT dimorphic (only as a mold)
Septate yphae that branches at 45 angle
conidophore with radiating chains of spores
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14
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans causes

A
  1. meningitis
  2. cryptococcosis
  3. cryptococcal encephalitis
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15
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - morphology

A

heavily encapsuled yeast. NOT DIMORPHIC

5-10μm (NARROW BASED BUD)

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16
Q

MCC of meningitis in AIDS

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - rout for meningitis

A

Acquired through inhalation with hematogenous dissemination to meninges

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18
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is found in

A

soil

pigeon dropping

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19
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - lab

A

Culture on Sabouraud agar
Stain with india ink and mucocarmine
latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
soap bubble lesion in brain image (in cryptococcal encephalitis)

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20
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - lab - most specific test

A

latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

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21
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - culture on

A

Sabouraud agar

22
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - stain with

A

Stain with india ink and mucocarmine

23
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - brain image

A

soap bubble lesion (in cryptococcal encephalitis)

24
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus spp. cause

A

Mucormycosis

25
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus spp. cause … (and situations)

A

Mucormycosis, a disease mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic and/or neuropenic patient (e.g. leukemia)

26
Q

Mucormycosis - pathophysiology

A

fungi proliferation on blood vessel walls, pemetrate cribiform plate and enter brain

27
Q

Mucormycosis –> (causes, symptoms)

A

Rhinocerebral frontal lobe abscess, carvenous sinus thrombosis, headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, may have cranial nerve involvement

28
Q

Mucormycosis treatment

A
  1. surgical debridement

2. amphotericin B

29
Q

Mucor morphology

A

NOT DIMORPHIC

irregular, broad nonseptae hyphae at wide angles

30
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii causes (situations)

A

Pneumonocystis pneumonia (PCP), a diffuse interstitial pneumonia (immunosuppression eg. AIDS)

31
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - morphology / originally classified as

A

yeast like fungus (disc shape)
originally classified as protozoan
originally classified as protozoan

32
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii in immunocompoment - symptoms

A

asymptomatic

33
Q

situation that predispose to disease with Pneumocystis jorevecii

A

immunosuppression eg. AIDS

34
Q

Pneumonocystis pneumonia (PCP) - CXR/CT

A

diffuse, bilateral ground glass opacities

35
Q

Pneumonocystis pneumonia (PCP) is diagnosed by

A

lung biopsy or lavage

36
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - staining

A

Disc-shaped yeast forms on methamine silver stain on lung tissue

37
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - shape

A

disc shape

38
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - type of stain

A

methamine silver stain

39
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - Treatment/prophylaxis

A
  1. TMP-SMX
  2. Pentamidine
  3. dapsone (only prophylaxis)
  4. atovaquone
40
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - start prophylaxis when

A

CD4 cound drops under 2 hundred cells/mm3 in HIV patients

41
Q

Sporothrix schenckii causes

A

Sporotrichosis

42
Q

Sporotrichosis?

A

Nodules, postules and ulcers extending along path of lymphatic drainage (ascending lymphangitis)
if immunocompromised –> disseminated disease

43
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - morphology

A

Dimorphic, cigar shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia

44
Q

Sporothrix schenckii leaves on

A

vegetations

45
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - Sporotrichosis - mechanism

A

when spores are traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn, causes local postules or ulcers with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)

46
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - treatment

A

intraconazole or potassium iodide

47
Q

Sporotrichosis is AKA

A

rose gardener’s disease

48
Q

opportunistic fungal infections - dimorphic fungi

A
  1. Candida ablicans

2. Sporothrix schenckii

49
Q

Oppostunistic fungal infection - morphology of every fungus

A
  1. Candida ablicans - dimorphic: pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20c. germ tubes at 37c
  2. Aspergillus Fugimatus - not dimorphic (only as a mold). Septate hyphae that branches at 45 angle
    conidophore with radiating chains of spores
  3. Cryptococcus neoformans: heavily encapsuled yeast. not dimorphic, 5-10μm (NARROW BASED BUD)
  4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp: not dimorphic, irregular, broad nonseptae hyphae at wide angles
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii: Disc-shaped yeast-like
  6. Sporothrix schenckii: Dimorphic, cigar shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia
50
Q

Oppostunistic fungal infection - pseudohyphae fungus

A

Candida

51
Q

Oppostunistic fungal infection - hyphae fungus

A
  1. Mucor and Rhizopus (nonseptate)
  2. Aspergillus (septate)
  3. Sporothrix scenckii (branching)

Microbiology (25 decks)

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