Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Mycoses - opportunistic fungi infections > Flashcards

Mycoses - opportunistic fungi infections Flashcards

1
Q

type of fungal infections

A
  1. systemic mycoses
  2. Cutaneous mycoses
  3. opportunistic fungal infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

opportunistic fungal infections - bugs?

A
  1. Candida ablicans
  2. Aspergillus Fugimatus
  3. Cryptococcus neoformans
  4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp.
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii
  6. Sporothrix schenckii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Candida ablicans causes ….. infection (generally) / name meaning

A

systemic of superficial

alba = white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Candida ablicans causes …. (and situations)

A
  1. Oral and esophageal thrush (immunocompromised –> neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS)
  2. vulvovaginitis (diabetes, antibiotics)
  3. diaper rash
  4. endocarditis (iv drug users)
  5. disseminated candidiasis
  6. chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
  7. osteomyelitis (IV drugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

situations that increase the risk for opportunistic infections by candida

A
  1. immunocompromised –> neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS
  2. diabetes
  3. antibiotics
  4. IV drug users
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Candida ablicans and antibiotics –>

A

vulvovaginitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Candida ablicans and diabetes

A

vulvovaginitis, Oral and esophageal thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Candida ablicans - morphology

A

DIMORPHIC
pseudohyphae and budding yeast at twenty c.
germ tubes at thirty seven c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Candida ablicans - treatment

A

topical azole for vagina
nystatin, fluconazole or caspofungin for oral/esophageal
fluconazole or amphotericin B for systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aspergillus fugimatous causes … (and situations)

A
  1. invasive aspergillosis (immunocompromised and with chronic granulomatous disease)
  2. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (associated with asthma, cystic fibrosis) –> bronhiectasia and eosinophilia
  3. Aspergillomas in lung cavitieus (esp after TB)
  4. produce aflatoxins –> hepatocellular CA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aspergillus fugimatous - invasive aspergillosis esp in

A

immunocompromised and with chronic granulomatous disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is associated with

A

asthma, cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspergillus fugimatous - morphology

A 
NOT dimorphic (only as a mold)
Septate yphae that branches at 45 angle
conidophore with radiating chains of spores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans causes

A
  1. meningitis
  2. cryptococcosis
  3. cryptococcal encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - morphology

A

heavily encapsuled yeast. NOT DIMORPHIC

5-10μm (NARROW BASED BUD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MCC of meningitis in AIDS

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - rout for meningitis

A

Acquired through inhalation with hematogenous dissemination to meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is found in

A

soil

pigeon dropping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - lab

A

Culture on Sabouraud agar
Stain with india ink and mucocarmine
latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen
soap bubble lesion in brain image (in cryptococcal encephalitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - lab - most specific test

A

latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - culture on

A

Sabouraud agar

22
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - stain with

A

Stain with india ink and mucocarmine

23
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - brain image

A

soap bubble lesion (in cryptococcal encephalitis)

24
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus spp. cause

A

Mucormycosis

25
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus spp. cause … (and situations)

A

Mucormycosis, a disease mostly in ketoacidotic diabetic and/or neuropenic patient (e.g. leukemia)

26
Q

Mucormycosis - pathophysiology

A

fungi proliferation on blood vessel walls, pemetrate cribiform plate and enter brain

27
Q

Mucormycosis –> (causes, symptoms)

A

Rhinocerebral frontal lobe abscess, carvenous sinus thrombosis, headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, may have cranial nerve involvement

28
Q

Mucormycosis treatment

A
  1. surgical debridement

2. amphotericin B

29
Q

Mucor morphology

A

NOT DIMORPHIC

irregular, broad nonseptae hyphae at wide angles

30
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii causes (situations)

A

Pneumonocystis pneumonia (PCP), a diffuse interstitial pneumonia (immunosuppression eg. AIDS)

31
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - morphology / originally classified as

A

yeast like fungus (disc shape)
originally classified as protozoan
originally classified as protozoan

32
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii in immunocompoment - symptoms

A

asymptomatic

33
Q

situation that predispose to disease with Pneumocystis jorevecii

A

immunosuppression eg. AIDS

34
Q

Pneumonocystis pneumonia (PCP) - CXR/CT

A

diffuse, bilateral ground glass opacities

35
Q

Pneumonocystis pneumonia (PCP) is diagnosed by

A

lung biopsy or lavage

36
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - staining

A

Disc-shaped yeast forms on methamine silver stain on lung tissue

37
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - shape

A

disc shape

38
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - type of stain

A

methamine silver stain

39
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - Treatment/prophylaxis

A
  1. TMP-SMX
  2. Pentamidine
  3. dapsone (only prophylaxis)
  4. atovaquone
40
Q

Pneumocystis jirevecii - start prophylaxis when

A

CD4 cound drops under 2 hundred cells/mm3 in HIV patients

41
Q

Sporothrix schenckii causes

A

Sporotrichosis

42
Q

Sporotrichosis?

A

Nodules, postules and ulcers extending along path of lymphatic drainage (ascending lymphangitis)
if immunocompromised –> disseminated disease

43
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - morphology

A

Dimorphic, cigar shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia

44
Q

Sporothrix schenckii leaves on

A

vegetations

45
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - Sporotrichosis - mechanism

A

when spores are traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn, causes local postules or ulcers with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)

46
Q

Sporothrix schenckii - treatment

A

intraconazole or potassium iodide

47
Q

Sporotrichosis is AKA

A

rose gardener’s disease

48
Q

opportunistic fungal infections - dimorphic fungi

A
  1. Candida ablicans

2. Sporothrix schenckii

49
Q

Oppostunistic fungal infection - morphology of every fungus

A
  1. Candida ablicans - dimorphic: pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20c. germ tubes at 37c
  2. Aspergillus Fugimatus - not dimorphic (only as a mold). Septate hyphae that branches at 45 angle
    conidophore with radiating chains of spores
  3. Cryptococcus neoformans: heavily encapsuled yeast. not dimorphic, 5-10μm (NARROW BASED BUD)
  4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp: not dimorphic, irregular, broad nonseptae hyphae at wide angles
  5. Pneumocystis jirovecii: Disc-shaped yeast-like
  6. Sporothrix schenckii: Dimorphic, cigar shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia
50
Q

Oppostunistic fungal infection - pseudohyphae fungus

51
Q

Oppostunistic fungal infection - hyphae fungus

A
  1. Mucor and Rhizopus (nonseptate)
  2. Aspergillus (septate)
  3. Sporothrix scenckii (branching)

Microbiology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions