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DNA viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA virus - diagram

A

DNA virus –> 1. complex nucleocapsid 2. icosahedral nucleocapsid
1. DNA virus –> complex nucleocapsid –> envelop –> DS linear –> poxvirade –> a. smallpox b. molloscum contagiosum c. cowpox
2. DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> a. enveloped
b. non envelop
A. DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> enveloped:
- DS circular –> HEPADNAVIRIDAE (HBV)
- DS linear –> HERPESVIRIDAE (HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV, HHV6-8, VZV)
B. DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> nonenveloped:
- DS linear –> Adenoviridae
- DS circular –> Papovaviridae (Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus)
- SS linear –> Parvoviridae (B19)

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2
Q

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped virus

A
  1. DS lineae –> Adenoviridae
  2. DS circular –> Papovaviridae (Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus)
  3. SS linear –> Parvoviridae (B19)
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3
Q

Adenovirus - characteristics

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS linear DNA virus

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4
Q

Adenovirus - causes

A
  1. febrile pharyngitis (sore throat)
  2. Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
  3. Pneumonia
  4. Conjunctivitis (“pink eye”)
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5
Q

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA - viruses?

A

Papovaviridae (Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus)

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6
Q

Papillomavirus - characteristics / aka

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA –> papovaviridae
HPV

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7
Q

which is the MC STD

A

HPV

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8
Q

Papillomavirus (HPV) causes

A
  1. warts (serotypes 1,2, 6, 11) (condylomata acuminata on genitalis -6, 11)
  2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (most commonly 16, 18)
  3. Cervical cancer (most commonly 16, 18)
  4. penile/anal cacrinoma (most commonly 16, 18)
  5. head and neck cancer (mc 16)
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9
Q

Polyomavirus - characteristics

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA –> papovaviridae –> 1. JC virus 2. BK virus

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10
Q

Polyomavirus - viruses?

A
  1. JC virus

2. BK virus

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11
Q

JC virus - characteristics

A

icosahedral nucleocapsid nonenveloped DS circular DNA –> papovaviridae –> polyomavirus

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12
Q

Polyomavirus - clinical presentation

A

BK virus –> transplant patinets, commonly targets kidney

JC virus –> Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV patients

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13
Q

largest DNA virus

A

poxvirus

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14
Q

smallest DNA virus

A

Parvovirus

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15
Q

Parvovirus - characteristics

A

DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> nonenveloped –> SS and linear –> B19

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16
Q

Parvovirus - virus

A

B19

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17
Q

B19 virus causes

A
  1. aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, thalassemia β, hereditary spherocytosis,
  2. slapped cheeks (erythema inectiosum or fifth disease)
  3. during pregnancy RBCs destruction –> fetal death (1st trimester), hydrops fetalis (2nd trimester), not significant in 3rs trimester
  4. RBCs destruction also leads to Rheumatoid arthritis - like symptoms and pure RBC aplasia
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18
Q

B19 virus - transmission

A
  1. respiratory aerosol

2. transplacental

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19
Q

BK19 in pregnancy

A

fetal death (1st trimester), hydrops fetalis (2nd trimester), not significant in 3rs trimester

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20
Q

BK19 in adults

A

RBCs destruction also leads to Rheumatoid arthritis - like symptoms and pure RBC aplasia

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21
Q

poxvirus - characteristics and viruses

A

DNA virus –> complex nucleocapsid –> envelop –> DS linear –> poxvirade –> a. smallpox b. molloscum contagiosum c. cowpox

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22
Q

poxvirus - viruses?

A

a. smallpox b. molloscum contagiosum c. cowpox

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23
Q

smallpox - causes today

A

smallpox eradicated by use of live attenuated vaccine

eradication was achieved by world-wide use of the live attenuated vaccine

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24
Q

Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis is usually caused by (and examples)

A
  1. After infection (mesles, VZV)

2. Certain vaccinations (rabies, smallpox)

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25
Q

cowpox causes

A

milkmaid blisters

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26
Q

Moloscum contagiosum - presentation

A

flesh colored papule with central umblication

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27
Q

Herpesvirusus - characteristics and viruses

A

DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> enveloped –>

DS linear –> HERPESVIRIDAE (HSV1, HSV2, CMV, EBV, HHV6-8, VZV)

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28
Q

HHV-8 causes …/ seen in

A

Kaposi sarcoma

seen in HIV/AIDS and transplant patients

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29
Q

kaposi sarcoma - area

A

MC in skin, but also month, GI tract and respiratory tract

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30
Q

kaposi sarcoma - definition and appearance

A

endothelial malignancy

Dark/violaceous plaques or nodules representing vascular proliferations

31
Q

HHV-8 - transmission

A

sexual contact

32
Q

HHV-6 causes

A

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease)

33
Q

HHV-7 causes

A

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease) (LESS COMMONLY)

34
Q

Roseola infantum is AKA

A

(exanthem subitum) (6th disease)

35
Q

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease) - presentation

A

high fevers for several days that can seizures, followed by a diffuse macular rash

36
Q

HHV-6 -transmission

HHV-7 -transmission

A

both saliva

37
Q

causes of Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum) (6th disease) and their transmission

A
  1. HHV-6
  2. HHV-7 (less commonly)
    both saliva
38
Q

CMV is also called

A

HHV-5

39
Q

CMV (HHV-5) - trasmission

A
  1. congenitally
  2. transfusion
  3. sexual contact
  4. saliva
  5. urine
  6. transplant
40
Q

CMV (HHV-5) causes

A
  1. mononucleosis with (-) Monospot in immunocompoment)
  2. congenital infection
  3. in immunocompromised patients (pneumonia, retinitis, hepatitis, encephalitis, neuropathy) –> esp pneumonia in transplant
41
Q

CMV (HHV-5) retinitis?

A

AIDS retinitis –> hemorrhage, cotton-wool exudates, vision loss

42
Q

CMV (HHV-5) latent in

A

mononuclear cels

43
Q

CMV (HHV-5) - histology

A

characteristic “owl eye” inclusions

44
Q

EBV is AKA / transmission

A

HHV-4

resp secretions, saliva

45
Q

EBV (HHV-4) causes

A
  1. Mononucleosis
  2. endemic Burkit lymphoma
  3. Hodgkin lymphoma
  4. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  5. primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompromised patients)
  6. Hairy leukoplakia (HIV+, organ transplant recipients)
46
Q

Hairy leukoplakia is occurs in

A

HIV+, organ transplant recipients

47
Q

mononucleosis - clinical presentation

A
  1. fever
  2. hepatosplenomegaly
  3. pharyngitis
  4. lymphadenopathy (esp posterior cervical nodes)
48
Q

mononucleosis is also called (why)

A

kissing disease since commonly seen in teens, young adults

49
Q

mononucleosis - EBV infects ..

A

B cellS through CD21

50
Q

mononucleosis - detection (and mechanism)

A
  1. Monospot test: heterophile antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep or horse RBCs
  2. Atypical lymphocytes seen on peripheral smear (reactive cytotoxic T cells, not infected B cells)
51
Q

VZV - transmission / aka

A

respiratory secretions

HHV-3

52
Q

VZV causes

A
  1. chickenbox
  2. shingles
  3. encephalitis
  4. pneumonia
  5. Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis (after)
53
Q

VZV - Latent in

A

dorsal root ganglia or tringeminal ganglion

54
Q

MC complication of shingles

A

post-herpetic neuralgia

55
Q

HSV-1 causes

A
  1. oral lesions (gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis)
  2. keratinoconjuctivitis
  3. temporal lobe encephalitis
  4. genital lesions (rare) (herpes genitalis)
  5. herpes whitlow
  6. Kluver-Bucy
56
Q

HSV-1 - temporal lobe encephalitis (characteristics, presentations)

A
  • MCC of sporadic encephalitis

- can present with altered mental status, seizures, and/or aphasia

57
Q

HSV-1 - temporal lobe encephalitis - presentation

A
  1. altered mental status
  2. seizures
  3. aphasia
58
Q

HSV-1 - transmission

A
  1. respiratory secretions

2. saliva

59
Q

HSV-2 - transmission

A
  1. sexual contact

2. perinatally

60
Q

HSV-2 causes

A
  1. Herpes genitalis
  2. neonatal herpes
  3. oral lesion (rare)
  4. herpes whitlow
61
Q

MCC of sporadic encephalitis

A

HSV-1

62
Q

HSV identification - process

A
  1. viral culture for skin/genitalia
  2. CSF pcr for herpes encephalitis
  3. Tzanck test - a smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells commonly seen in HSV1, 2 and VZV infection
  4. Intranuclear inclisions also seen with HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV
63
Q

Viral vaccines - categories and viruses

A

A. Live attenuated vaccines (1. smallpox 2. yellow fever 3. rotavirus 4. VZV 5. Sabin polio 6. Influenza (intransal) 7. Measles 8. Mumps 9. Rubella)
B. Killed (1. Rabies 2. Influenza (injected) 3. Salk Polio 4. HAV)
C. Subunit (1. HBV (antigen=HBsAg) 2. HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 18))

64
Q

Hepadinavirus - characteristics

A

DNA virus –> icosahedral nucleocapsid –> enveloped:

- DS circular –> HEPADNAVIRIDAE (HBV)

65
Q

Hepadinavirus (HBV) - structure

A

enveloped
icosahedral nucleocapsid
PARTIALLY DS AND CIRCULAR
HAS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

66
Q

slapped cheeks is also called

A

erythema inectiosum or fifth disease

67
Q

6th disease?

5th disease?

A

6- Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum)

5- slapped cheeks (erythema inectiosum)

68
Q

HSV-1 - temporal lobe encephalitis - presentation

A
  1. altered mental status
  2. seizures
  3. aphasia
69
Q

HSV-2, VZV, CMV: area of latent state

A

HSV-2 –> sacral ganglia
VZV –> latent dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
CMV –> mononuclear cells

70
Q

CMV EBV receptors

A

CMV –> integrins (heparan sulfate)

EBV –> CD21

71
Q

HIV receptors

A
  1. CD4
  2. CXCR4
  3. CCR5
72
Q

Rabies receptor

A

Nicotinic AChR

73
Q

Rhinovirus receptor

A

ICAM-1

Microbiology (25 decks)

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