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Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

type of fungal infections

A
  1. systemic mycoses
  2. Cutaneous mycoses
  3. opportunistic fungal infections
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2
Q

systemic mycoses - clinical manifestation

A

pneumonia and can disseminate

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3
Q

systemic mycoses - diseases?

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidioidomycosis
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis
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4
Q

systemic mycoses - appearance

A

all dimorphic fungi

EXCEPT COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS –> SPHERULE - NOT YEAST IN TISSUE

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5
Q

dimorphic fungi?

A

cold (20c) –> mold

heat (37c) –> yeast

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6
Q

coccidioidomycosis - appearance in tissue

A

spherule (not yeast)

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7
Q

systemic mycoses -treatment

A

local infection: fluconazole or intraconazole

systemic infection: amphotericin B

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8
Q

systemic mycoses can mimic … (WHY) - except

A

TB (granouloma formation)

except, unlike TB, no peroson to person transmission

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9
Q

Histoplasmosis - area (map)

A

Mississippi and Ohio River valleys

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10
Q

Histoplasmosis causes

A

pneumonia and erythema nodosum

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11
Q

Histoplasmosis - under the microscope

A

Macrophage filled with Histoplasma (smaller thatn RBC)

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12
Q

Histoplasmosis - source

A

Bird or bat dropping

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13
Q

Blastomycosis - area (map)

A

Eastern US and Central America

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14
Q

Blastomycosis causes

A

inflammatory lund disease and can disseminate to skin and bones

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15
Q

Blastomycosis forms

A

granulomatous nodules

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16
Q

Blastomycosis - under the microscope

A

Broad-based budding

same size as RBCs

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17
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - area (map)

A

Southwestern US, California

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18
Q

Coccidioidomycosis causes

A 
Pneumonia, meningitis and can dissemiante to bone 
 and skin (deseert bumps --> erythema nodosum, desert theumatism --> arthralgias)
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19
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - case rate increases after … (WHY)

A

earthquakes (spores in dust thrown into air –> inhaled –> spheruls in lung

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20
Q

Coccidioidomycosis - under the microscope

A

spherule filled with endospores

much larger than RBCs

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21
Q

Coccidioidomycosis is also called

A

Valley fever

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22
Q

Valley fever is

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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23
Q

Paracocciddioidomycosis - area (map)

A

Latin america

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24
Q

Paracocciddioidomycosis under the microscope

A

Budding yeast with “captain’s wheel formation

much larger than RBCs

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25
Q

systemic mycosis - area (map)

A
  1. Histoplasmosis –> Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
  2. Blastomycosis –> Eastern US and Central America
  3. Coccidioidomycosis –> Southwestern US, California
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis –> Latin America
26
Q

systemic mycosis - size vs RBC

A
  1. Histoplasmosis - smaller
  2. Blastomycosis - same
  3. Coccidioidomycosis - much larger
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis - much larger
27
Q

systemic mycosis - meningitis

A

Coccidioidomycosis

28
Q

systemic mycosis - erythema nodosum

A
  1. Coccidioidomycosis

2. Histoplasmosis

29
Q

Erythema nodosum are .. (and histological area)

A

painful inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat

30
Q

Erythema nodosum - causes MC area of the body

A
  1. idiopathic 2. sarcoidosis 3. coccidioidomycosis 4. histoplasmosis 5. TB 6. streptococcal infections 7. leprosy
  2. Crohn disease
31
Q

systemic mycosis - under the microscope

A
  1. Histoplasmosis –> Macrophages filled with Histoplasma
  2. Blastomycosis –> Broad-base budding
  3. Coccidioidomycosis –> spherule filled with endospores
  4. Paracoccidioidomycosis –> captain wheel
    - -> shines
32
Q

Cutaneous mycoses are divided to

A
  1. tinea (dermatophytoses)

2. tinea versicolor

33
Q

tinea?

A

is the clinical name given to dermatophyte cutaneous fungual infection

34
Q

Dermatohytes include

A
  1. Microsporum
  2. Trichophyton
  3. Epidermophyton
35
Q

Dermatohytes - appearance

A

branching septate hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain

36
Q

Cutaneous mycoses - types

A
  1. tinea capitis (dermatophytoses)
  2. tinea corporis (dermatophytoses)
  3. tinea cruris (dermatophytoses)
  4. tinea pedis (dermatophytoses)
  5. tinea unguium (dermatophytoses)
  6. Tinea versicolor
37
Q

Tinea capitis occurs on (area of the body)

A

head, scalp

38
Q

Tinea capitis - symptoms

A
  1. lympadenopathy
  2. alopecia
  3. scaling
39
Q

Tinea corporis - area of the body

A

torso (κορμός)

40
Q

Tinea corporis - symptoms

A

erythematous scaling rings (ringworm) and central clearing

41
Q

Tinea corporis can be acquired from

A

contact with an infected cat or dog

42
Q

Tinea cruris - occur in (area of the body)

A

inguinal area

43
Q

Tinea cruris - symptoms

A

rash in the inguinal area without the central clearing seen in the tinea corporis

44
Q

Tinea unguium - is also called

A

onychomycosis

45
Q

Tinea unguium occurs on (area of the body)

A

nails

46
Q

Tinea pedis - how many varieties and which

A
  1. interdigital
  2. Moccasin distribution
  3. Vesicular type (blister)
47
Q

Tinea pedis - MC variety

A

interdigital

48
Q

Tinea pedis is AKA

A

athlete’s foot

49
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by

A

Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp)

50
Q

Malassezia is AKA

A

Pitirosporum

51
Q

Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - type of fungus

A

yeast like fungus

52
Q

Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - tinea

A

Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) is not a dermatophyte, despite being called tinea

53
Q

Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - mechanism of action

A

degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented and/or pink patches

54
Q

Tinea versicolor - whether

A

any time of year but common in summer (hot, humid weather)

55
Q

Tinea versicolor can occur any time of year but common in

A

summer (hot, humid weather)

56
Q

Tinea versicolor - under microscopy

A

spaghetti and meatballs

57
Q

Tinea versicolor - treatment

A
  1. topical and/oral antifungul medication

2. selenium sulfate

58
Q

spaghetti and meatballs under microscopy

A

Tinea versicolor

59
Q

cutaneous mycoses - inguinal area

A

tinea cruris

60
Q

cutaneous mycoses - interdigital

A

tinea pedis

61
Q

cutaneous mycoses - ringworm

A

tinea corporis

62
Q

cutaneous mycoses - nails

A

tinea unguium

Microbiology (25 decks)

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