Mycology Flashcards
type of fungal infections
- systemic mycoses
- Cutaneous mycoses
- opportunistic fungal infections
systemic mycoses - clinical manifestation
pneumonia and can disseminate
systemic mycoses - diseases?
- Histoplasmosis
- Blastomycosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
systemic mycoses - appearance
all dimorphic fungi
EXCEPT COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS –> SPHERULE - NOT YEAST IN TISSUE
dimorphic fungi?
cold (20c) –> mold
heat (37c) –> yeast
coccidioidomycosis - appearance in tissue
spherule (not yeast)
systemic mycoses -treatment
local infection: fluconazole or intraconazole
systemic infection: amphotericin B
systemic mycoses can mimic … (WHY) - except
TB (granouloma formation)
except, unlike TB, no peroson to person transmission
Histoplasmosis - area (map)
Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
Histoplasmosis causes
pneumonia and erythema nodosum
Histoplasmosis - under the microscope
Macrophage filled with Histoplasma (smaller thatn RBC)
Histoplasmosis - source
Bird or bat dropping
Blastomycosis - area (map)
Eastern US and Central America
Blastomycosis causes
inflammatory lund disease and can disseminate to skin and bones
Blastomycosis forms
granulomatous nodules
Blastomycosis - under the microscope
Broad-based budding
same size as RBCs
Coccidioidomycosis - area (map)
Southwestern US, California
Coccidioidomycosis causes
Pneumonia, meningitis and can dissemiante to bone and skin (deseert bumps --> erythema nodosum, desert theumatism --> arthralgias)
Coccidioidomycosis - case rate increases after … (WHY)
earthquakes (spores in dust thrown into air –> inhaled –> spheruls in lung
Coccidioidomycosis - under the microscope
spherule filled with endospores
much larger than RBCs
Coccidioidomycosis is also called
Valley fever
Valley fever is
Coccidioidomycosis
Paracocciddioidomycosis - area (map)
Latin america
Paracocciddioidomycosis under the microscope
Budding yeast with “captain’s wheel formation
much larger than RBCs
systemic mycosis - area (map)
- Histoplasmosis –> Mississippi and Ohio River valleys
- Blastomycosis –> Eastern US and Central America
- Coccidioidomycosis –> Southwestern US, California
- Paracoccidioidomycosis –> Latin America
systemic mycosis - size vs RBC
- Histoplasmosis - smaller
- Blastomycosis - same
- Coccidioidomycosis - much larger
- Paracoccidioidomycosis - much larger
systemic mycosis - meningitis
Coccidioidomycosis
systemic mycosis - erythema nodosum
- Coccidioidomycosis
2. Histoplasmosis
Erythema nodosum are .. (and histological area)
painful inflammatory lesions of subcutaneous fat
Erythema nodosum - causes MC area of the body
- idiopathic 2. sarcoidosis 3. coccidioidomycosis 4. histoplasmosis 5. TB 6. streptococcal infections 7. leprosy
- Crohn disease
systemic mycosis - under the microscope
- Histoplasmosis –> Macrophages filled with Histoplasma
- Blastomycosis –> Broad-base budding
- Coccidioidomycosis –> spherule filled with endospores
- Paracoccidioidomycosis –> captain wheel
- -> shines
Cutaneous mycoses are divided to
- tinea (dermatophytoses)
2. tinea versicolor
tinea?
is the clinical name given to dermatophyte cutaneous fungual infection
Dermatohytes include
- Microsporum
- Trichophyton
- Epidermophyton
Dermatohytes - appearance
branching septate hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain
Cutaneous mycoses - types
- tinea capitis (dermatophytoses)
- tinea corporis (dermatophytoses)
- tinea cruris (dermatophytoses)
- tinea pedis (dermatophytoses)
- tinea unguium (dermatophytoses)
- Tinea versicolor
Tinea capitis occurs on (area of the body)
head, scalp
Tinea capitis - symptoms
- lympadenopathy
- alopecia
- scaling
Tinea corporis - area of the body
torso (κορμός)
Tinea corporis - symptoms
erythematous scaling rings (ringworm) and central clearing
Tinea corporis can be acquired from
contact with an infected cat or dog
Tinea cruris - occur in (area of the body)
inguinal area
Tinea cruris - symptoms
rash in the inguinal area without the central clearing seen in the tinea corporis
Tinea unguium - is also called
onychomycosis
Tinea unguium occurs on (area of the body)
nails
Tinea pedis - how many varieties and which
- interdigital
- Moccasin distribution
- Vesicular type (blister)
Tinea pedis - MC variety
interdigital
Tinea pedis is AKA
athlete’s foot
Tinea versicolor is caused by
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp)
Malassezia is AKA
Pitirosporum
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - type of fungus
yeast like fungus
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - tinea
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) is not a dermatophyte, despite being called tinea
Malassezia spp (Pitirosporum spp) - mechanism of action
degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented and/or pink patches
Tinea versicolor - whether
any time of year but common in summer (hot, humid weather)
Tinea versicolor can occur any time of year but common in
summer (hot, humid weather)
Tinea versicolor - under microscopy
spaghetti and meatballs
Tinea versicolor - treatment
- topical and/oral antifungul medication
2. selenium sulfate
spaghetti and meatballs under microscopy
Tinea versicolor
cutaneous mycoses - inguinal area
tinea cruris
cutaneous mycoses - interdigital
tinea pedis
cutaneous mycoses - ringworm
tinea corporis
cutaneous mycoses - nails
tinea unguium