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Anatomy > Z 343 lab > Flashcards

Z 343 lab Flashcards

1
Q

3 functions of blood

A

transportation of gases, nutrients, vitamins regulation of pH, temp, etc. protection

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2
Q

2 components of blood

A

plasma (water, proteins, solutes) formed elements (erythrocytes and buffy coat (leukocytes, platelets))

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3
Q

erythrocytes

A

RBCs most common formed element anucleate and missing most other organelles disc shaped, 7-8 microns contains hemoglobin

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4
Q

hemoglobin

A

carries O2, 23% of CO2, also regulates blood flow and pressure

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5
Q

determining levels of hemoglobin useful in….

A

classifying cause of anemia (lack of RBCs v. lack of hemoglobin in RBCs) rupture RBCs and measure intensity of color to determine hemoglobin content of sample

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6
Q

anemia

A

reduction in O2 carrying capacity in blood

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7
Q

aplastic anemia

A

caused by failure of red bone marrow to produce RBCs

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8
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

decrease in hemoglobin production due to inadequate iron

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9
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

inherited condition hemoglobin misshaped resulting in reduce O2 carrying capacity

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10
Q

polycythemia

A

higher than normal volume of red blood cells

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11
Q

hematocrit

A

rough measure of O2 carrying ability of blood centrifuge blood and measure volume occupied by RBCs

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12
Q

PCV/HB

A

measures amount of hemoglobin per unit of RBC

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13
Q

agglutinins

A

antibodies in blood plasma that react with antigens not found on RBCs of individual

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14
Q

universal donor

A

O+

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15
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

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16
Q

Rh

A

antigen first discovered by rhesus monkeys most people Rh+

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17
Q

in Rh- individuals…

A

anti-Rh antibodies are not innately found produced by immune system after exposure to Rh+ blood subsequent exposure to Rh+ blood can cause severe reactions

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18
Q

platelets

A

anucleate cell fragments small 2-4 microns. aids in stopping blood loss by forming platelet plug, releasing chemicals that promote blood clotting, releasing chemicals that promote vascular spasm

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19
Q

platelets formed by

A

splintering of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow

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20
Q

vascular spasm

A

contraction of smooth muscle in artery/arteriole walls

21
Q

granular leukocytes

A

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

22
Q

agranular leukocytes

A

monocyte, lymphocyte

23
Q

neutrophil

A

50-70% of all WBCs (leukocytes) polymorphonuclear - nuclei are polymorphic, varying number of lobes (2-5) medium sized 10-12 microns

24
Q

function of neutrophils

A

bacteria killers chemically attracted to sites of inflammation attacks bacteria by phagocytosis

25
Q

lymphocyte

A

20-25% of all WBCs large nucleus that occupies most of volume small 6-9 microns or large 10-14 microns

26
Q

lymphocyte function

A

B cells: give rise to antibody producing cells T cells: directly attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, some bacteria increases in diverse infections and immune responses

27
Q

monocytes

A

3-8% of all WBCs kidney shaped nucleus largest of WBCs 12-20 microns

28
Q

monocyte functions

A

once it leaves capillaries, transforms into wandering macrophages macrophages destroy viruses, some bacteria, and clean up dead tissue by phagocytosis

29
Q

eosinophil

A

2-4% of WBCs nucleus 2-3 lobes connected by thin strand granules appear red-orange with acidic dye 10-12 microns

30
Q

eosinophil function

A

targets certain parasitic worms - gather around and releases digestive chemicals allergic responses, asthma

31
Q

basophils

A

<1% of WBC large dark purple, irregularly sized granules nucleus irregularly shaped, bilobed but cant see 8-10 microns

32
Q

basophil function

A

involved in inflammatory and allergy reactions - herapin, histamine, serotonin to increase inflammatory response increase with allergic reactions, leukemia, diabetes, autoimmune disorders

33
Q

leukocytes most common to least common

A

N L M E B

34
Q

leukemia

A

abnormal levels of WBC produce more but immature and not functional

35
Q

hemocytoblast

A

first stem cell for hematopoiesis

36
Q

myeloid stem cell

A

into erythrocyte, platelets, eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, and monocyte

37
Q

lymphoid stem cell

A

into T cell, B cell natural killer cells

38
Q

megakaryocyte

A

give rise to platelets

39
Q
A

normal sinus rhythm

40
Q
A

sinus arrhythmia

41
Q
A

sinus bradycardia

42
Q
A

sinus tachycardia

43
Q
A

atrial fibrilation

44
Q
A

atrial flutter

45
Q
A

premature ventricular contraction

46
Q
A

junctional rhythm

47
Q
A

ventricular tachycardia

48
Q
A

AV block

49
Q
A

Anatomy (16 decks)

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