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Anatomy > Nervous system (lab) > Flashcards

Nervous system (lab) Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord, processes info

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

cranial and spinal nerves, transmits info

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3
Q

PNS divided into

A

Sensory (afferent, input), motor (efferent, output)

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4
Q

Motor neurons divide into

A

autonomic (organs and glands) and somatic (to skeletal muscles)

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5
Q

Sensory neurons divide into

A

somatic (from skin) and visceral (from organs and glands)

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6
Q

Autonomic motor neurons divide into

A

sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest)

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7
Q

Neural tissue derived form

A

ectoderm

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8
Q

cell body contains

A

nucleus, rough ER (Nissl bodies), organelles, neurotransmitter synthesis

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9
Q

dendrites

A

projections from cell body or at end of axon, receive signal,

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10
Q

axon

A

long extension, ions for signal transmission, electrically insulated by myelin

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11
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

intervals where myelin is interrupted on along axon, regular intervals

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12
Q

myelin

A

fatty sheath that insulates

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13
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

on axonal terminals, release neurotransmitter

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14
Q

axon hillock

A

where axon meets cell body

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15
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons in PNS

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16
Q

white matter

A

bundles of axons in the CNS

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17
Q

appears white due to

A

myelin around axons

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18
Q

gray matter

A

clusters of cell bodies in CNS (unmyelinated)

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19
Q

ganglia

A

clusters of cell bodies in PNS

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20
Q

biggest part of brain

A

cerebrum

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21
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer bark of folded gray matter (clusters of cell bodies)

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22
Q

subcortical gray matter nuclei

A

islands of gray matter deep within brain

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23
Q

cells of neural tube become

A

CNS

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24
Q

neural crest cells

A

some cells break away from neural folds, will form portions of PNS

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25
Q

organization similar

A

muscles: endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium

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26
Q

multipolar neuron

A

dendrites on cell body, axon at end of process, abundant in CNS

27
Q

bipolar neuron

A

cell body in center, flat, dendrites and axons at end of processes on either side, special senses, receptive zone until other side of cell body

28
Q

unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron

A

cell body in center, raised, axons and dendrites at ends, conductive some length of projections, abundant in PNS

29
Q

astrocytes

A

CNS, blood/brain barrier, provides nutrients and support to neurons, most abundant, guide neural development, damage repair, 3D framework, recycle neurotransmitters

30
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

CNS, myeliantes neurons of CNS, multiple per oligodendrocyte

31
Q

microglia

A

CNS, immune cells of CNS, attack pathogens, remove neuronal debris, migrate through neural tissue

32
Q

ependymal cells

A

CNS, make cerebrospinal fluid, lines CNS cavities, moves CSF (some ciliated/microvilli

33
Q

schwann cells

A

PNS, myelinates neurons of PNS, one neuron per schwann cell

34
Q

satellite cells

A

PNS, surrounds neuron, provides nutrients, controls environment

35
Q

neural plate becomes

A

neural groove

36
Q

neural folds

A

raised edges of neural plate

37
Q

neural fold meet to form

A

neural tube

38
Q

notochord

A

rod of mesodermal tissue under neural plate, will become vertebral column

39
Q

3 primary brain vesicles from anterior neural tube

A

prosencephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

40
Q

secondary brain vesicles from prosencephalon

A

telencephalon, diencephalon

41
Q

secondary brain vesicles from mesencephalon

A

mesencephalon

42
Q

secondary brain vesicles from rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon, myelencephalon

43
Q

adult brain structures from telencephalon

A

cerebrum, lateral ventricles

44
Q

adult brain structures from diencephalon

A

diencephalon (thalamus), third ventricle

45
Q

adult brain structures from mesencephalon

A

brain stem: midbrain; cerebral aqueduct

46
Q

adult brain structures from metencephalon

A

brain stem: pons, cerebellum; fourth ventricle

47
Q

adult brain structures from myelencephalon

A

brain stem: medulla oblongata; fourth ventricle

48
Q

spina bifida

A

incomplete closure of neural tube

49
Q

Dura mater

A

Outer layer of spinal cord

50
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer of spinal column protection

51
Q

Pia mater

A

Inner layer of spinal cord protection

52
Q

Graded membrane potential

A

Due to ionic movement across cell, dies out as it spreads away from initial site

53
Q

Action potential

A

Predictable change in transmembrane potential due to opening of specific voltage gates channels

54
Q

Threshold

A

Membrane potential value that opens voltage gates channel

55
Q

2 factors that affect velocity of action potential

A

Diameter, myelinated or not

56
Q

As diameter of axon increases

A

Velocity of action potential increases

57
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Jumping effect of AP from nodes of ranvier

58
Q

A fibers

A

Largest diameter, myelinated, fastest

59
Q

B fibers

A

Medium diameter, myelinated

60
Q

C fibers

A

Smallest diameter, unmyelinated, slowest

61
Q

Inhibitory signal

A

Generate hyperpolarizing graded potentials

62
Q

Excitatory signal

A

Generate depolarizing graded potentials

63
Q

Spatial summation

A

Single post synaptic neuron receives signal from many pre synaptic. Transmembrane is combination of all

64
Q

Temporal summation

A

Only 2 neurons communicate, release neurotransmitter repeatedly and builds

Anatomy (16 decks)

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