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Anatomy > midterm 2 > Flashcards

midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

number of bones of axial skeleton

A

80

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2
Q

number of named openings of skill

A

85

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3
Q

cranial bones

A

frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid = 8 total

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4
Q

site of attachment for ligamentum nuchae

A

occipital bone

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5
Q

keystone cranial bone

A

sphenoid, articulates with all other cranial bones

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6
Q

3 pairs of sphenoid processes

A

great wings, lesser wings, pterygoid processes

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7
Q

facial bones

A

mandible, 2 maxillary, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae

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8
Q

largest, strongest bone of face

A

mandible

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9
Q

only freely movable joint in skill

A

temporomandibular

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10
Q

keystone facial bones

A

maxillary, articulate with all except mandible

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11
Q

lacrimal fossa

A

houses lacrimal sac

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12
Q

shape of vomer

A

plow

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13
Q

largest conchae

A

inferior nasal conchae

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14
Q

orbit bones

A

maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, palatine

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15
Q

medial wall of orbit

A

maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid

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16
Q

floor of orbit

A

palatine, maxilla, zygomatic

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17
Q

later wall of orbit

A

frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic

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18
Q

roof of orbit

A

sphenoid lesser wings, frontal

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19
Q

roof, lateral, floor nasal cavity bones

A

ethmoid, palatine, maxillary, inferior nasal conchae

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20
Q

nasal septum bones

A

ethmoid, vomer, anterior septal cartilage

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21
Q

sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoid. maxillary, sphenoid

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22
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

small openings that connect sinuses to nasal cavity

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23
Q

movable base for tongue

A

hyoid bone

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24
Q

attachment for speech and swallowing muscles

A

hyoid bone

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25
Q

5 regions of vertebrae

A

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused), coccyx (3-5 fused)

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26
Q

intervertebral disks made of

A

fibrocartilage

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27
Q

characteristics of cervical

A

transverse foramen, split spinous process

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28
Q

characteristics of thoracic

A

giraffe, spinour process points down, circular foramen

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29
Q

characteristics of lumbar

A

moose, flat short spinous process, triangle foramen

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30
Q

atlas

A

C1, no body, no spinous process, “yes”

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31
Q

axis

A

C2, dens projects into atlas, “no”

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32
Q

manubrium articulates with

A

clavicles and ribs 1 and 2

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33
Q

sternum body articulates with

A

costal cartilage of ribs 2-7

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34
Q

xiphoid process site of

A

site of muscle attachment

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35
Q

true ribs

A

1-7

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36
Q

false/floating

A

8-12, 11-12 floating

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37
Q

clavicle acromial end

A

flattened, smooth superior

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38
Q

clavicle sternal end

A

cone shaped

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39
Q

number of bones in upper limb

A

30 (humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges)

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40
Q

head of radius articulates with

A

capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna

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41
Q

carpals that form wrist joint

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

42
Q

pollex

43
Q

female cavity of true pelvis

A

broad, shallow, greater capacity

44
Q

male cavity of true pelvis

A

narrow and deep, tilted less forward

45
Q

femur articulates with

A

acetabulum proximally, tibia and patella distally

46
Q

medial leg bone

47
Q

fibula articulates with

A

tibia (proximal and distal)

48
Q

number of tarsal bones

49
Q

body weight carries by what tarsals

A

talus and calcaneus

50
Q

3 arches of foot

A

lateral longitudinal, medial longitudinal, transverse

51
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

52
Q

areolar ct found

A

in synovial membranes

53
Q

structural joint classification

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

54
Q

functional joint classifications

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

55
Q

fibrous joint types

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

56
Q

syndesmoses

A

fibrous joint, bones connected by ligaments, movement depends on fiber length, ex: inferior tibiofibular joint, interosseous membranes

57
Q

gomphoses

A

peg in socket, teeth

58
Q

periodontal ligament

A

fibrous connection of teeth

59
Q

cartilaginous joint types

A

synchondroses (synarthrotic), symphyses (amphiarthrotic)

60
Q

synchondroses

A

plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones

61
Q

6 features of synovial joints

A

articular cartilage, synovial cavity, joint capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels

62
Q

synovial fluid functions

A

lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient distribution

63
Q

fat pads

A

superficial to joint capsule, protect articular cartilages

64
Q

bursae

A

pockets of synovial fluid

65
Q

3 joints of knee

A

femoropatellar (plane), lateral and medial tibiofemoral (bicondylar, hinge)

66
Q

knee joint unique because…

A

only partially enclosed by joint capsule, only sides and back

67
Q

menisci

A

medial and lateral, at femur tibia articulations

68
Q

number of bursae in knee

69
Q

3 anterior ligaments from quadriceps tendon

A

medial and lateral patellar retinacula, patellar ligament

70
Q

capsular and extracapsular ligaments

A

prevent hyperextension: fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal ligaments

71
Q

intracapsular ligaments

A

prevent anterior-posterior displacement, outside synovial cavity: anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament

72
Q

7 ligaments of knee joint

A

patellar ligament, 2 popliteal ligaments, ACL, PCL, tibial collateral ligament, fibular collateral ligament

73
Q

Three C’s

A

collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, cartilages

74
Q

most freely moving joint in body

75
Q

most important shoulder stabilizer

A

muscle tendons crossing shoulder

76
Q

4 rotator cuff tendons

A

subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

77
Q

anular ligament

A

in elbow, surrounds head of radius

78
Q

2 capsule ligaments in elbow

A

ulnar and radial collateral ligament, prevent side to side movement

79
Q

acetabular labrum

A

rim of fibrocartilage, enhanced depth of socket

80
Q

reinforcing ligaments of hip

A

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligamentum teres

81
Q

most easily dislocated joint

A

temporomandibular

82
Q

2 types of movement in temporomandibular

A

hinge and gliding

83
Q

luxations

A

dislocations

84
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation

85
Q

synovitis

A

beginning of rheumatoid arthritis, inflamed synovial membrane thickens

86
Q

pannus

A

erodes cartilage, in RA

87
Q

tumor necrosis factor

A

in RA treatment, block action of inflammatory chemicals

88
Q

aponeurosis

A

collagen fibers of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together for form broad sheet

89
Q

genes in nuclei of muscle cells..

A

control production of enzymes and structural proteins for contaction

90
Q

myoglobin

A

oxygen binding pigment, common in slow skeletal muscle fibers and cardiac muscles

91
Q

glycosomes

A

stored glycogen that can be quickly converted to glucose

92
Q

satellite cells

A

stem cells, repair injured fibers

93
Q

triad

A

2 terminal cisterns and T tubule

94
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between axon terminal and muscle fiber

95
Q

junctional folds

A

fold in sarcolemma at NMJ

96
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter

97
Q

absolute refractory period

A

when sodium channels are still open, time of depolarization, even strong stimulus cant initiate second action potential

98
Q

relative refractory period

A

second AP can be initiated, but only by larger than normal stimulus, K channels open

99
Q

latent period

A

when E-C coupling events occur, time between AP initiation and beginning of contractions

100
Q

rigor mortis

A

fixed muscle contraction after death, run out of ATP

Anatomy (16 decks)

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