midterm 2 Flashcards
1
Q
number of bones of axial skeleton
A
80
2
Q
number of named openings of skill
A
85
3
Q
cranial bones
A
frontal, 2 parietal, occipital, 2 temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid = 8 total
4
Q
site of attachment for ligamentum nuchae
A
occipital bone
5
Q
keystone cranial bone
A
sphenoid, articulates with all other cranial bones
6
Q
3 pairs of sphenoid processes
A
great wings, lesser wings, pterygoid processes
7
Q
facial bones
A
mandible, 2 maxillary, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, vomer, 2 inferior nasal conchae
8
Q
largest, strongest bone of face
A
mandible
9
Q
only freely movable joint in skill
A
temporomandibular
10
Q
keystone facial bones
A
maxillary, articulate with all except mandible
11
Q
lacrimal fossa
A
houses lacrimal sac
12
Q
shape of vomer
A
plow
13
Q
largest conchae
A
inferior nasal conchae
14
Q
orbit bones
A
maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, palatine
15
Q
medial wall of orbit
A
maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid
16
Q
floor of orbit
A
palatine, maxilla, zygomatic
17
Q
later wall of orbit
A
frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic
18
Q
roof of orbit
A
sphenoid lesser wings, frontal
19
Q
roof, lateral, floor nasal cavity bones
A
ethmoid, palatine, maxillary, inferior nasal conchae
20
Q
nasal septum bones
A
ethmoid, vomer, anterior septal cartilage
21
Q
sinuses
A
frontal, ethmoid. maxillary, sphenoid
22
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
small openings that connect sinuses to nasal cavity
23
Q
movable base for tongue
A
hyoid bone
24
Q
attachment for speech and swallowing muscles
A
hyoid bone
25
5 regions of vertebrae
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused), coccyx (3-5 fused)
26
intervertebral disks made of
fibrocartilage
27
characteristics of cervical
transverse foramen, split spinous process
28
characteristics of thoracic
giraffe, spinour process points down, circular foramen
29
characteristics of lumbar
moose, flat short spinous process, triangle foramen
30
atlas
C1, no body, no spinous process, "yes"
31
axis
C2, dens projects into atlas, "no"
32
manubrium articulates with
clavicles and ribs 1 and 2
33
sternum body articulates with
costal cartilage of ribs 2-7
34
xiphoid process site of
site of muscle attachment
35
true ribs
1-7
36
false/floating
8-12, 11-12 floating
37
clavicle acromial end
flattened, smooth superior
38
clavicle sternal end
cone shaped
39
number of bones in upper limb
30 (humerus, radius, ulna, 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges)
40
head of radius articulates with
capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna
41
carpals that form wrist joint
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum
42
pollex
thumb
43
female cavity of true pelvis
broad, shallow, greater capacity
44
male cavity of true pelvis
narrow and deep, tilted less forward
45
femur articulates with
acetabulum proximally, tibia and patella distally
46
medial leg bone
tibia
47
fibula articulates with
tibia (proximal and distal)
48
number of tarsal bones
7
49
body weight carries by what tarsals
talus and calcaneus
50
3 arches of foot
lateral longitudinal, medial longitudinal, transverse
51
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
52
areolar ct found
in synovial membranes
53
structural joint classification
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
54
functional joint classifications
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
55
fibrous joint types
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
56
syndesmoses
fibrous joint, bones connected by ligaments, movement depends on fiber length, ex: inferior tibiofibular joint, interosseous membranes
57
gomphoses
peg in socket, teeth
58
periodontal ligament
fibrous connection of teeth
59
cartilaginous joint types
synchondroses (synarthrotic), symphyses (amphiarthrotic)
60
synchondroses
plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones
61
6 features of synovial joints
articular cartilage, synovial cavity, joint capsule, synovial fluid, reinforcing ligaments, nerves and blood vessels
62
synovial fluid functions
lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient distribution
63
fat pads
superficial to joint capsule, protect articular cartilages
64
bursae
pockets of synovial fluid
65
3 joints of knee
femoropatellar (plane), lateral and medial tibiofemoral (bicondylar, hinge)
66
knee joint unique because...
only partially enclosed by joint capsule, only sides and back
67
menisci
medial and lateral, at femur tibia articulations
68
number of bursae in knee
12
69
3 anterior ligaments from quadriceps tendon
medial and lateral patellar retinacula, patellar ligament
70
capsular and extracapsular ligaments
prevent hyperextension: fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal ligaments
71
intracapsular ligaments
prevent anterior-posterior displacement, outside synovial cavity: anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament
72
7 ligaments of knee joint
patellar ligament, 2 popliteal ligaments, ACL, PCL, tibial collateral ligament, fibular collateral ligament
73
Three C's
collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments, cartilages
74
most freely moving joint in body
shoulder
75
most important shoulder stabilizer
muscle tendons crossing shoulder
76
4 rotator cuff tendons
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
77
anular ligament
in elbow, surrounds head of radius
78
2 capsule ligaments in elbow
ulnar and radial collateral ligament, prevent side to side movement
79
acetabular labrum
rim of fibrocartilage, enhanced depth of socket
80
reinforcing ligaments of hip
iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligamentum teres
81
most easily dislocated joint
temporomandibular
82
2 types of movement in temporomandibular
hinge and gliding
83
luxations
dislocations
84
subluxation
partial dislocation
85
synovitis
beginning of rheumatoid arthritis, inflamed synovial membrane thickens
86
pannus
erodes cartilage, in RA
87
tumor necrosis factor
in RA treatment, block action of inflammatory chemicals
88
aponeurosis
collagen fibers of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together for form broad sheet
89
genes in nuclei of muscle cells..
control production of enzymes and structural proteins for contaction
90
myoglobin
oxygen binding pigment, common in slow skeletal muscle fibers and cardiac muscles
91
glycosomes
stored glycogen that can be quickly converted to glucose
92
satellite cells
stem cells, repair injured fibers
93
triad
2 terminal cisterns and T tubule
94
synaptic cleft
space between axon terminal and muscle fiber
95
junctional folds
fold in sarcolemma at NMJ
96
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter
97
absolute refractory period
when sodium channels are still open, time of depolarization, even strong stimulus cant initiate second action potential
98
relative refractory period
second AP can be initiated, but only by larger than normal stimulus, K channels open
99
latent period
when E-C coupling events occur, time between AP initiation and beginning of contractions
100
rigor mortis
fixed muscle contraction after death, run out of ATP
