Yersinia

Question 1

important species

Answer 1

y pestis – black plague
y enterocolitica
y pseudotuberculosis

Question 2

gram
shape
staining
lactose fermenter?
urease
coagulase
oxidase
TSI

Answer 2

gram negative
rod
bipolar staining
lactose non fermenter
urease positive
coagulase positive
oxidase negative
no gas on TSI, but still changes color to yellow

Question 3

motility?

Answer 3

flagella – y enterocolitica and y pseudotuberculosis
no flagella – y pestis

Question 4

is this a bioterrorism agent

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

how is y pestis spread

Answer 5

flea bites
meat ingestion of infected rodents
contact with infected secretions or tissues
aerosol transmission of pneumonic plague

Question 6

y pestis and the plague

Answer 6

causes bubonic plague – gangrene of toes turns dead digits black (black death)
can also infect lungs (pneumonic plague) – cough up dark black blood

Question 7

antigen serotypes

Answer 7

y pestis – antigenically homogenous
y enterocolitica – 70 O antigen serotypes
y pseudotuberculosis – 15 O antigen serotypes

Question 8

which yersinia can proliferate at refridgerator temperatures

Answer 8

y enterocolitica

Question 9

habitat

Answer 9

gastrointestinal tract of animals
arthropods – y pestis and fleas

Question 10

is this primarily an animal pathogen

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

how many plasmids

Answer 11

3

Question 12

surface structures

Answer 12

capsule – serum resistance
LPS
low calcium response virulence (LcrV)
attachment invasion (Ail)
yersinia adhesion (Yad)
invasin protein A

Question 13

enzymes

Answer 13

plasminogen activator (Pla) – protease
global stress requirment (Gsr) – protease
coagulase
yersinia murine toxin (Ymt) – phospholipase D
urease

Question 14

toxins

Answer 14

T3SS
yersinia outer protein (Yops)
yersinia stable toxin (Yst)
iron robbing/acquisition – siderophores, yersinibactin, hemin storage proteins

Question 15

what is the most important enzyme of yersinia

Answer 15

protease

Question 16

what doe global stress requirement do

Answer 16

intracytopalsmic survival within macrophages

Question 17

what does yersinia murine toxin do

Answer 17

protect yersinia within fleas by forming capsule

Question 18

how does yersinia get to mesenteric lymph nodes

Answer 18

hangs out in macrophages or M cells
moves into peyer’s patches
microcolonies and replication
then get to mesenteric lymph nodes
microcolonies and replication

Question 19

y pestis transmission

Answer 19

flea borne
air borne
amoeba
vertebrates

Question 20

what does bubonic plague infect

Answer 20

lymph nodes – swollen and painful

Question 21

what does pneumonic plague

Answer 21

lungs
spread (airborne) to others
no longer need fleas for transmission

Question 22

what is the primary reservoir of y pestis

Answer 22

commensal flea-rodent cycle

Question 23

initial transmission of y pestis results in what

Answer 23

bubonic plague

Question 24

bacteremia of y pestis results in what

Answer 24

infection of lungs – pneumonic plague

Question 25

does pneumonic plague need fleas for transmission

Answer 25

no -- airborne

Question 26

what animals are not susceptible to clinical plague, what are the exceptions

Answer 26

ruminants, equine, pigs not susceptible camels and goats are susceptible

Question 27

how is y pestis transmitted from flea to rodent

Answer 27

grows in midgut of flea flea draws viable y pestis into esophagus during feeding bacteria multiply and block proventriculus force flea to regurgitate infected blood onto host when it tries to swallow

Question 28

bubonic form of y pestis

Answer 28

lymph node swelling fever headache

Question 29

penumonic form of y pestis

Answer 29

cough up bloody sputum aerosol spreading

Question 30

septicemic form of y pestis

Answer 30

death

Question 31

transmission of y enterocolitica and y pseudotuberculosis

Answer 31

feco oral route foodborne agent

Question 32

is y enterocolitica and y pseudotuberculosis zoonotic?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

primary reservoir of y enterocolitica and y pseudotuberculosis

Answer 33

swine

Question 34

y enterocolitica symptoms

Answer 34

mesenteric lymphadenitis terminal ileitis acute gastroenteritis septicemia

Question 35

y pseudotuberculosis symptoms

Answer 35

mesenteric lymphadenitis diarrhea dehydration septicemia in immune weak animals

Question 36

what does disease always involve

Answer 36

lymph nodes

Question 37

can you culture it yourself?

Answer 37

no, send to certain lab or else right to jail

Question 38

treatment

Answer 38

antibiotics not generally recommended most recover on own with rehydration antibiotics for severe systemic cases

Question 39

why should you treat y pestis immediatly

Answer 39

already in the blood from flea bite

Question 40

control

Answer 40

monitor rodent populations control fleas quarantine vaccination (not safe)