Burkholderia mallei

Question 1

respiration
gram
shape
motility
facultative? intracellular?

Answer 1

aerobic
gram negative
rod, coccobacillus
non motile
facultative intracellular pathogen

Question 2

what does it cause

Answer 2

glanders in horses, donkeys, mules
^ eradicated in US

Question 3

hosts
reservoirs

Answer 3

hosts – equines
reservoirs – mammals

Question 4

pigment?
odor?

Answer 4

no pigment
no colony odor

Question 5

bioterrorism?

Answer 5

category B bioterrorism agent
used in WWI
report to department of health

Question 6

virulence

Answer 6

capsule
LPS
multiple secretion systems
quorum senising
adhesion proteins
fimbriae

Question 7

describe glanders

Answer 7

contagious
sporadic
endemic
zoonotic

Question 8

trasnmission of glanders

Answer 8

from horse to humans and other species
contact
ingestion
inhalation

Question 9

lesions in glanders

Answer 9

nodules and ulcers on skin and in respiratory tract

Question 10

acute form of glanders

Answer 10

fever
septicemia
pneumonia

Question 11

chronic pulmonary form of galnders

Answer 11

tubercle like lesions (nodules) in lungs
can be calcified and spread contents to upper respiratory tract

Question 12

chronic cutaneous form of glanders

Answer 12

“farcy”
nodules, ulcers, yellow pus

Question 13

chronic nasal form of glanders

Answer 13

ulcerative nodules, nasal discharge *mucopurulent, bloody)
nodules burst and spread infection to upper respiratory tract

Question 14

growth media

Answer 14

media containing 1% glycerol
no growth on macconkey

Question 15

what is the only test for glanders that is approved by the OIE

Answer 15

complement fixation test

Question 16

why is mallein test not generally used

Answer 16

welfare concerns

Question 17

what can mallein test be used with, what can it not be used with

Answer 17

can be used with anti complementary serum
if use complimentary get invalid results

Question 18

what is mallein test

Answer 18

glycoprotein extracted from culture and used as an antigen injected intradermally under eyelid or in neck

Question 19

positive mallein test

Answer 19

swelling under eyelid and ocular discharge
swelling in neck

Question 20

control

Answer 20

biohazard cabinet
cleaning and disinfection – contact time of 6 hours

Question 21

treamtent in endemic areas

Answer 21

antibiotic therapy – treatment prolonged and ineffective

Question 22

treatment in US

Answer 22

none, treatment of glanders prohibited in US
euthanasia

Question 23

vaccine?

Answer 23

none