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Histology > XVII - Organs of Special Senses > Flashcards

XVII - Organs of Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

First and most powerful structure of the optical system

A

cornea

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2
Q

Center of vision

A

fovea

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3
Q

Enable the lens to change its shape

A

zonula

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4
Q

Middle vascular layer of the eye

A

uvea

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5
Q

film of the eye

A

retina

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6
Q

Area of the eye without sensory cells

A

optic disk

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7
Q

First part of the brain to receive visual input

A

optic chiasm

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8
Q

Relay station of the visual cortex

A

lateral geniculate body

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9
Q

Keeps images focused on the retina

A

lens

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10
Q

Layer of blood vessel that supplies blood to the retina

A

choroid

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11
Q

Produces aqueous humor

A

ciliary body

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12
Q

Blocked in glaucoma

A

canal of Schlemm

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13
Q

Lens: highly elastic basement membrane covered by a single layer of cuboidal cells, thickest near the equator, thinnest posteriorly

A

capsule

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14
Q

Lens: forms the bulk of the lens, composed of long thin tightly packed cells who lost their nuclei and form fibers

A

cortex/fiber

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15
Q

Cornea: stratified non-keratinizing squamous, 5-6 layers, exposed to air, one of the richest sensory nerve supplies of any eye tissue

A

epithelium

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16
Q

Cornea: composed of collagen fibers, acellular, contributes greatly to the stability and strength of the cornea

A

Bowman’s membrane

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17
Q

Cornea: thickest layer, collagen type III and IV, avascular

A

stroma

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18
Q

Cornea: basement membrane

A

Descemet’s membrane

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19
Q

Cornea: simple squamous, exposed to aqueous humor, responsible for metabolic exchanges

A

endothelium

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20
Q

Retina: not photosensitive

A

anterior

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21
Q

Retina: photosensitive, optical part

A

posterior

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22
Q

Retina: contains photosensitive cells (rods & cones)

A

outer layer

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23
Q

Retina: contains bipolar neurons

A

intermediate layer

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24
Q

Retina: contains ganglion cells

A

internal layer

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25
Q

Retina: where the retina converges to form the optic nerve

A

optic disk (optic nerve head, papilla of the optic nerve

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26
Q

Retina: blind spot

A

optic disk

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27
Q

Retina: oval-shaped highly pigmented yellow spot near the center of the retina

A

macula

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28
Q

Retina: area of highest visual acuity

A

fovea

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29
Q

Retina: small pit in the center of the macula, contains the highest concentration of cone cells

A

fovea

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30
Q

Retina: separates the retina from the vitreous humor

A

inner limiting membrane

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31
Q

Retina: unmyelinated axons of ganglion cells

A

optic nerve fibers

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32
Q

Retina: site of action potential generation, receptor cells

A

ganglion cells

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33
Q

Retina: synapses between bipolar cells of dendrites of ganglion cells, closer to vitreous

A

inner plexiform

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34
Q

Retina: nuclei of bipolar, amacrine, horizontal and müller cells

A

inner nuclear

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35
Q

Retina: synapses between bipolar cells of dendrites of ganglion cells, farther from vitreous

A

outer plexiform

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36
Q

Retina: nuclei of rods and cones

A

outer nuclear

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37
Q

Retina: separates outer nuclear and photoreceptor layers

A

outer limiting membrane

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38
Q

Retina: contain Na channels

A

photoreceptors

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39
Q

Retina: forms blood-retina barrier, esterifies vitamin A, contains melanin granules, phagocytoses debris

A

pigment epithelium

40
Q

Photoreceptors: scotopic vision

A

rods

41
Q

Photoreceptors: very light-sensitive, sensitive to scattered light

A

rods

42
Q

Photoreceptors: low visual acuity

A

rods

43
Q

Photoreceptors: loss can cause night blindness

A

rods

44
Q

Photoreceptors: not present in fovea

A

rods

45
Q

Photoreceptors: slow response to light

A

rods

46
Q

Photoreceptors: have more pigment cones

A

rods

47
Q

Photoreceptors: more numerous (20x)

A

rods

48
Q

Photoreceptors: one type of photosensitive pigment, rhodopsin

A

rods

49
Q

Photoreceptors: confer achromatic vision

A

rods

50
Q

Photoreceptors: photopic vision

A

cones

51
Q

Photoreceptors: not very light-sensitive, sensitive to direct light

A

cones

52
Q

Photoreceptors: high visual acuity, better spatial resolution

A

cones

53
Q

Photoreceptors: loss can cause legal blindness

A

cones

54
Q

Photoreceptors: concentrated at fovea

A

cones

55
Q

Photoreceptors: fast resonse to light

A

cones

56
Q

Photoreceptors: less pigment cones

A

cones

57
Q

Photoreceptors: 3 types of photosensitive pigments (varieties of iodopsin)

A

cones

58
Q

Photoreceptors: confer color vision (red, blue, green)

A

cones

59
Q

Eye: thin transparent mucous membrane, stratified columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells, lamina propria with loose connective tissue

A

conjunctiva

60
Q

Eyelids: long sebaceous glands in tarsal plate, do not communicate with hair follicles, creates an oily layer on the surface of the tear film preventing rapid evaporation of tear film

A

Meibomian glands

61
Q

Eyelids: sweat glands emptying secretions into hair follicles

A

glands of Moll

62
Q

Eyelids: smaller modified sebaceous glands connected with hair follicles

A

glands of Zeis

63
Q

Tear-secreting, tubuloalveolar gland rich in lysozyme

A

lacrimal gland

64
Q

Lacrimal Apparatus: thick stratified squamous epithelium

A

canaliculi

65
Q

Ear: auricle

A

pinna

66
Q

External Auditory Meatus: Epithelium

A

stratified squamous

67
Q

External Auditory Meatus: contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands (coiled tubular)

A

submucosa

68
Q

External Auditory Meatus: outer third

A

elastic cartilage

69
Q

External Auditory Meatus: inner part

A

temporal bone

70
Q

Transmits sound waves to the ossicles

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

71
Q

Tympanic Membrane: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

external surface

72
Q

Tympanic Membrane: tough connective tissue (collagen, elastic fibers, fibroblasts), highly vascular

A

middle layer

73
Q

Tympanic Membrane: simple cuboidal

A

inner surface

74
Q

Ear: middle

A

tympanic cavity

75
Q

Tympanic Cavity: Epithelium

A

simple squamous epithelium which gradually transforms into ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

76
Q

Auditory Ossicles

A

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup)

77
Q

Auditory Labyrinths: low sodium, high potassium, low protein

A

endolymph

78
Q

Irregular central cavity housing the saccule and utricle

A

vestibule

79
Q

Membranous Labyrinths

A

utricle, saccule

80
Q

Bony Labyrinths

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea

81
Q

Labyrinths: semicircular canal

A

kinetic labyrinth

82
Q

Labyrinths: type 1 and 2 hair cells within cristae ampullaris, have stereocilia and single cilium, supporting cells

A

kinetic labyrinth

83
Q

Labyrinths: cells are covered by a gelatinous mass called cupula, (-) otoliths

A

kinetic labyrinth

84
Q

Labyrinths: angular acceleration and deceleration

A

kinetic labyrinth

85
Q

Labyrinths: utricle and saccule

A

static labyrinth

86
Q

Labyrinths: type 1 and 2 hair cells within maculae, have stereocilia and kinocilia (single cilium), supporting cells

A

static labyrinth

87
Q

Labyrinths: cells are covered by otolithic membrane with otolits and otoconia

A

static labyrinth

88
Q

Labyrinths: linear acceleration, gravity

A

static labyrinth

89
Q

Part of the cochlea of the inner ear, provided with hair cells which are auditory sensory cells (single row of inner hair cells, 3-5 rows of outer hair cells) with stereocilia but no kinocilium

A

organ of Corti

90
Q

contains as much as 15,000-20,000 auditory nerve receptors, responds to fluid-borne vibrations in the cochlea

A

organ of Corti

91
Q

Organ of Corti: roof wall

A

vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane

92
Q

Organ of Corti: floor wall

A

basilar membrane

93
Q

Organ of Corti: lateral wall

A

stria vascularis

94
Q

Smallest skeletal muscle

A

stapedius

95
Q

Fluid in the osseus labyrinth

A

perilymph

96
Q

Fluid in the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

97
Q

The inner ear is a space in which part of bone?

A

petrous part of temporal bone

Histology (17 decks)

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