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Histology > IV - Bone > Flashcards

IV - Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Bone Stores: Calcium

A

99%

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2
Q

Bone Stores: Phosphorus

A

85%

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3
Q

Bone Stores: Magnesium

A

65%

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4
Q

Unmineralized bone

A

osteoid

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5
Q

Most abundant bone cell

A

osteocyte

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6
Q

Bone resorption cell

A

osteoclast

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7
Q

Bone cell with PTH, vitamin D and estrogen receptors

A

osteoblast

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8
Q

Multinucleated bone cells derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

A

osteoclast

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9
Q

Mononuclear cells that synthesize most of the protein in bone

A

osteoblast

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10
Q

Deposits new bone matrix and mineralizes it

A

osteoblast

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11
Q

Trabecular or Spongy Bone

A

cancellous

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12
Q

Compact Bone

A

cortical

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13
Q

Bone: less dense, softer, weaker, less stiff

A

cancellous

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14
Q

Bone: facilitates main functions

A

cortical

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15
Q

Bone: highly vascular, contains marrow

A

cancellous

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16
Q

Bone: 80% of weight of the skeleton

A

cortical

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17
Q

Bone: site of hematopoiesis

A

cancellous

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18
Q

Bone: affected by osteoporosis

A

cancellous

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19
Q

Resorbs bone

A

osteoclast

20
Q

Bone: pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells

A

osteoprogenitor cells

21
Q

Synthesize, transport and arrange bone matrix

A

osteoblast

22
Q

Bone: derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells

A

osteoclast

23
Q

Bone: ruffled borders along its membrane to increase cell surface area

A

osteoclast

24
Q

Bone: detect mechanical forces and translate them into biological activities

A

osteocyte

25
Q

Functional unit of compact bone

A

osteon/Haversian system

26
Q

Carries blood vessels and nerves through the osteon

A

Haversian canal

27
Q

“Little layer” of bone matrix between concentric rings of osteocytes

A

lamellae

28
Q

Houses osteocytes

A

lacunae

29
Q

Houses osteoclasts

A

Howship’s lacunae

30
Q

Protoplasmic extensions from osteocytes by which maintenance of bone is performed

A

canaliculi

31
Q

Connects one Haversian canal to another

A

Volkmann’s canal

32
Q

Developing and growing bones, hard callus of bone fractures, immature/primary/bundle bone, newly calcified

A

woven bone

33
Q

Remodeled from woven bone, adult bone, mature/secondary bone

A

lamellar bone

34
Q

80% of lamellar bone, thick outer region beneath periosteum, cortical bone

A

compact bone

35
Q

20% of lamellar bone, inner region, adjacent to marrow cavities, spongy/trabecullar/medullary bone

A

cancellous bone

36
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

mesenchyme → osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteoid

37
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

erosion of pre-existing hyaline cartilage by osteoblasts → osteoid

38
Q

Type I collagen defect

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

39
Q

Lack of GH

A

Pituitary Dwarfism

40
Q

Excess GH in adolescents

A

Gigantism

41
Q

Excess GH in adults

A

Acromegaly

42
Q

Permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist (claw-like deformity) commonly caused by a fracture in the elbow or upper arm

A

Volkmann’s Contracture

43
Q

Artery occluded in Volkmann’s Contracture

A

brachial artery

44
Q

Muscles affected in Volkmann’s Contracture

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

45
Q

Most common primary bone cancer

A

Osteosarcoma

46
Q

Sun-burst appearance on x-ray

A

Osteosarcoma

47
Q

Area of new subperiosteal bone that is created when a new lesion raises the periosteum away from the bone

A

Codman Triangle

Histology (17 decks)

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