IX - Circulatory System

Question 1

Heart: inner layer of endothelium and subendothelial connective tissue

Answer 1

endocardium

Question 2

Heart: middle muscular layer

Answer 2

myocardium

Question 3

Heart: connective tissue with many adipocytes and covered by mesothelium

Answer 3

epicardium

Question 4

Cardiac Conducting System

Answer 4

SA node, AV node, AV bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Question 5

Cardiac Conducting System: just beneath the endocardium of both ventricles

Answer 5

Purkinje fibers

Question 6

Cardiac Conducting System: greater diameter, abundant glycogen, sparse bundle of myfibrils

Answer 6

Purkinje fibers

Question 7

BV Layers: large vein

Answer 7

tunica externa, media, intima, endothelium

Question 8

BV Layers: elastic artery

Answer 8

tunica externa, media, intima (internal elastic layer, endothelium)

Question 9

BV Layers: medium vein

Answer 9

tunica externa, media, intima, endothelium

Question 10

BV Layers: muscular artery

Answer 10

tunica externa, media, intima, endothelium

Question 11

BV Layers: venule

Answer 11

tunica externa, endothelium

Question 12

BV Layers: arteriole

Answer 12

smooth muscle cells (tunica media), endothelium, basal lamina

Question 13

BV Layers: fenestrated capillaries

Answer 13

endothelial cells with pores

Question 14

BV Layers: continuous capillaries

Answer 14

endothelial cells without pores

Question 15

BV: thick walls with small lumen, rounded

Answer 15

arteries

Question 16

BV: thin walls with large lumen, flattened

Answer 16

veins

Question 17

Artery Layers: endothelium appears wavy due to the constriction of smooth muscle, internal elastic membrane present in larger vessels

Answer 17

Tunica Intima

Question 18

Artery Layers: thickest layers, smooth muscle, elastic fibers, external elastic membrane present in larger vessels

Answer 18

Tunica Media

Question 19

Artery Layers: thinner than tunica media in all but the largest arteries, collagen, elastic fibers, nervi vasorum, vasa vasorum

Answer 19

Tunica Adventitia

Question 20

Vein Layers: endothelium appears smooth, no internal elastic membrane

Answer 20

Tunica Intima

Question 21

Vein Layers: thinner than tunica adventitia, smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, nervi vasorum, vasa vasorum, no external elastic membrane

Answer 21

Tunica Media

Question 22

Vein Layers: thickest layer, collagen, smooth fibers, some smooth muscle fibers, nervi vasorum, vasa vasorum

Answer 22

Tunica Adventitia

Question 23

Capillaries: many tight junctions, all exchange occur through cells

Answer 23

continuous

Question 24

Capillaries: small pores

Answer 24

fenestrated

Question 25

Capillaries: larger lumen, large spaces between endothelial cells, discontinuous basal lamina

Answer 25

discontinuous, sinusoids

Question 26

Arteries: direction of blood flow

Answer 26

away from heart

Question 27

Arteries: appearance

Answer 27

rounded

Question 28

Arteries: pressure

Answer 28

high

Question 29

Arteries: wall thickness

Answer 29

thick

Question 30

Arteries: oxygen concentration

Answer 30

high - systemic, low - pulmonary

Question 31

Arteries: valves

Answer 31

not present

Question 32

Veins: direction of blood flow

Answer 32

towards heart

Question 33

Veins: appearance

Answer 33

flattened

Question 34

Veins: pressure

Answer 34

low

Question 35

Veins: wall thickness

Answer 35

thin

Question 36

Veins: oxygen concentration

Answer 36

low - systemic, high - pulmonary

Question 37

Veins: valves

Answer 37

present in most, limbs, inferior to the heart

Question 38

Collect excess interstitial fluid (lymph) from tissue spaces and return it to blood, distribute lymphocytes, antibodies, other immune components

Answer 38

Lymphatic Circulation

Question 39

Lymphatic Circulation

Answer 39

lymphatic capillaries/lymphatics → lymphatic vessels → thoracic duct/right lymphatic duct

Question 40

Lymphatics are found in most organs except

Answer 40

CNS, bone marrow

Question 41

Lymphatic Vessels: Structure

Answer 41

similar to veins but with thinner walls and no distinct separation between tunics, (+) valves

Question 42

Location of endothelium

Answer 42

Tunica Intima

Question 43

Nevi vasorum control

Answer 43

vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 44

Closer to the heart, arteries are expected to have a higher percentage of

Answer 44

elastic fibers

Question 45

Leaky type of capillary in the liver

Answer 45

sinusoid capillary