XIII - Renal/Urinary System

Question 1

Epithelium of renal tubules

Answer 1

simple cuboidal

Question 2

Renal Functional Unit

Answer 2

Nephron

Question 3

Nephron Components

Answer 3

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

Question 4

Tuft of finely fenestrated capillaries interposed between afferent and efferent arterioles

Answer 4

glomerulus

Question 5

Bowman’s Capsule: simple squamous, continuous with PCT

Answer 5

outer parietal layer

Question 6

Bowman’s Capsule: receives the fluid filtrates through the capillary wall and visceral layer

Answer 6

capsular (urinary) space

Question 7

Bowman’s Capsule: podocytes resting on lamina, part of the glomerular filtration barrier

Answer 7

internal / visceral layer

Question 8

PCT: Cells

Answer 8

simple cuboidal with brush border

Question 9

PCT: Location

Answer 9

cortex

Question 10

Thin Limbs of Loop of Henle: Cells

Answer 10

simple squamous

Question 11

Thin Limbs of Loop of Henle: Location

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle: Cells

Answer 12

simple cuboidal

Question 13

Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle: Location

Answer 13

medulla, medullary rays

Question 14

DCT: Cells

Answer 14

simple cuboidal

Question 15

DCT: Location

Answer 15

cortex

Question 16

Collecting Duct - Principal Cells: Features

Answer 16

most abundant, cuboidal to columnar

Question 17

Collecting Duct - Principal Cells: Location

Answer 17

medulla and medullary rays

Question 18

Collecting Duct - Intercalated Cells: Features

Answer 18

few, scattered

Question 19

Collecting Duct - Intercalated Cells: Location

Answer 19

medullary rays

Question 20

Principal cells absorb

Answer 20

sodium

Question 21

Principal cells secrete

Answer 21

potassium

Question 22

Intercallated cells absorb

Answer 22

bicarbonate, potassium

Question 23

Intercallated cells secrete

Answer 23

hydrogen

Question 24

Glomerular Filtration Barrier

Answer 24

capillary endothelium, basement membrane, podocyte foot processes

Question 25

Glomerular Filtration Barrier: Size

Answer 25

capillary endothelium

Question 26

Glomerular Filtration Barrier: Charge

Answer 26

basement membrane, podocyte foot processes

Question 27

Modified smooth muscle cells that secrete renin, afferent arteriole

Answer 27

JG (juxtaglomerular) cells

Question 28

Monitors the concentration of sodium in the distal tubules

Answer 28

macula densa

Question 29

Contains receptors for angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 29

mesangial cells

Question 30

Mechanism involving kidneys responsible for regulation of blood pressure

Answer 30

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 31

Male Urethra: 3-4 cm, urothelium

Answer 31

prostatic

Question 32

Male Urethra: short, passes through external sphincter, stratified columnar, pseudostratified columnar

Answer 32

membranous

Question 33

Male Urethra: 15cm, stratified columnar, psudostratified columnar, stratified squamous (distal)

Answer 33

spongy

Question 34

Female Urethra: Length

Answer 34

4-5 cm

Question 35

Female Urethra: Epithelium

Answer 35

transitional, stratified squamous (distal), some areas of pseudostratified columnar