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Histology > VI - Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

VI - Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Most important histopathologic indicator of CNS injury

A

gliosis

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2
Q

Functional and structural unit of the CNS, classified according to neurites or size

A

neuron

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3
Q

Excitable cells that are specialized for the reception of stimuli and conduction of nerve impulse

A

neuron

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4
Q

Connective tissue of the CNS, non-excitable, structural, protective

A

glial cells

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5
Q

Neurons: 1 axon that divides into a peripheral and a CNS branch, 0 dendrites, posterior root ganglia, cranial nerves

A

unipolar/pseudounipolar

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6
Q

Neurons: 1 axon, 1 dendrite, vestibular, cochlear ganglia, retinal ganglia, olfactory mucosa

A

bipolar

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7
Q

Neurons: 1 axon, ≥ 2 dendrites, most of CNS

A

multipolar

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8
Q

Neurons: no true axon, many dendrites, do not produce action potentials, regulate electrical changes of adjacent neurons

A

anaxonic

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9
Q

Neurons: receive stimuli from receptors

A

sensory / afferent

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10
Q

Neurons: sends impulses to effector organs

A

motor / efferent

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11
Q

Neurons: under voluntary control, innervate skeletal muscle

A

somatic motor

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12
Q

Neurons: involuntary, innervate glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

A

autonomic motor

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13
Q

Neurons: establish relationships among other neurons

A

interneurons

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14
Q

Neurons: single long axon, fiber tracts of the brain and spinal cord, peripheral nerves, motor cells of the spinal cord

A

golgi type 1 cells

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15
Q

Neurons: single short axon, cerebral & cerebellar cortex

A

golgi type 2 cells

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16
Q

Neurons: conduct nerve impulse towards the cell body

A

dendrites

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17
Q

Neurons: contains the cell activities

A

body

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18
Q

Neurons: small conical elevation on the cell body

A

axon hillock

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19
Q

Neurons: conduct impulses away from the cell body

A

axon

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20
Q

Neurons: gaps between myelinated segments exposed to the extracellular milieu of the cell

A

nodes of Ranvier

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21
Q

Neurons: axon terminals, contain neurotransmitter vesicles

A

synaptic terminals

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22
Q

Neurons: materials are transported to the axons from the cell body, kinesin

A

Anterograde Axonal Transport

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23
Q

Neurons: transport of nerve growth factor, HSV, tetanus toxin, botulinum toxin, dynein

A

Retrograde Axonal Transport

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24
Q

What cellular structure is particularly increased in neurons

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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25
Q

RER in the CNS is in the form of

A

Nissl substance

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26
Q

Composed of stacked RER

A

Nissl substance

27
Q

Phenomenon in fatigue or neuronal damage in which the Nissl substance moves and becomes concentrated in the periphery

A

chromatolysis

28
Q

Stain used to localize Nissl substance

A

Aniline Stain

29
Q

Major inhibitory NT in the spinal cord

A

glycine

30
Q

Major inhibitory NT in the brain

A

GABA

31
Q

Major excitatory NT in the CNS

A

glutamate

32
Q

NT depleted in Parkinson’s disease

A

dopamine

33
Q

NT in excess in Schizophrenia

A

dopamine

34
Q

NT that plays a role in depression, anxiety and panic attacks

A

serotonin, norepinephrine

35
Q

NT abundant in the raphe nuclei of the brain

A

serotonin

36
Q

Maintains CNS hemostasis, protect and surround neurons and hold them in place

A

neuroglia

37
Q

Provides oxygen and nutrients to neurons, insulates neurons from each other, destroys and removes pathogens in the CNS

A

neuroglia

38
Q

Neuroglia: structural and metabolic support, BBB, repair processes, white matter

A

astrocytes (fibrous cell)

39
Q

Neuroglia: structural and metabolic support, BBB, repair processes, gray matter

A

astrocytes (protoplasmic)

40
Q

Neuroglia: along myelinated nerves and surrounding neuron cell bodies, form myelin in CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

41
Q

Neuroglia: peripheral nerves, form myelin in PNS

A

Schwann cells (neurolemmocyte)

42
Q

Neuroglia: scattered throughout CNS, phagocytic action

A

microglia

43
Q

Neuroglia: peripheral ganglia, structural and metabolic support for neuronal cell bodies

A

satellite cells

44
Q

Neuroglia: lines the ventricles and central canals, circulation and absorption of CSF

A

ependyma (ependymyocytes)

45
Q

Neuroglia: lines the floor of the 3rd ventricle, transport CSF to the hypophyseal portal system

A

ependyma (tanycytes)

46
Q

Neuroglia: line the choroidal plexus, production of CSF

A

ependyma (choroidal epithelial cells)

47
Q

Supporting framework, project foot processes (perivascular feet) in the capillaries which contribute to the BBB, play a role in the metabolism of NT

A

astrocytes

48
Q

Buffer the potassium concentration of the CNS form glial scars after injury, undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia after injury, contain Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)

A

astrocytes

49
Q

Most common primary CNS tumor in children

A

astrocytoma

50
Q

Largest neuroglial cells

A

astrocytes

51
Q

Myelinate axons in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

52
Q

Neuroglia: originate from the mesoderm

A

microglia

53
Q

Neuroglia: line the ventricular cavities

A

ependymal cells

54
Q

Neuroglia: have numerous processes with expanded vascular end feet or pedicles which attach to the wall of the capillaries

A

astrocytes

55
Q

Neuroglia: Part of the mononuclear phagocytic system

A

microglia

56
Q

Forms glial scars

A

astrocytes

57
Q

Modified type of ependymal cells in the hypothalamus

A

tanycytes

58
Q

Neuroglia: participate in BBB

A

astrocytes

59
Q

Neuroglia: myelinate axons in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

60
Q

Neuroglia: undergo hyperplasia and hypertrophy in reaction to CNS injury

A

astrocytes

61
Q

Neuroglia: ciliated cells which help move CSF through ventricles

A

ependymal cells

62
Q

Degeneration of oligodendrocytes results in

A

multiple myeloma

63
Q

Limiting layer of perivascular astrocytic feet, tight junction betweet endothelial cells of capillaries

A

Blood-Brain Barrier

64
Q

Tight junctions between choroid epithelial cells, endothelial cells of capillaries

A

Blood-CSF Barrier

Histology (17 decks)

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