VII - Muscle Flashcards
1
Q
Muscle: cytoplasm
A
sarcoplasm
2
Q
Muscle: SER
A
sarcoplasmic reticulum
3
Q
Muscle: cell membrane and external lamina
A
sarcolemma
4
Q
Muscle Fibers: slow, oxidative, red
A
Type I
5
Q
Muscle Fibers: fast, oxidative, glycolytic, red
A
Type IIa
6
Q
Muscle Fibers: fast, glycolytic, white
A
Type IIb
7
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: mitochondria
A
numerous
8
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: capillaries
A
numerous
9
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: diameter
A
small
10
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: motor unit size
A
small
11
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: myoglobin content
A
high
12
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: glycogen content
A
low
13
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP
A
oxidative phosphorylation
14
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes
A
low
15
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue
A
slow
16
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity
A
low
17
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction
A
slow
18
Q
Type I Muscle Fibers: location
A
postural muscles of the back
19
Q
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: mitochondria
A
numerous
20
Q
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: capillaries
A
numerous
21
Q
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: diameter
A
intermediate
22
Q
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: motor unit size
A
intermediate
23
Q
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: myoglobim content
A
high
24
Q
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: glycogen content
A
intermediate
25
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
26
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes
intermediate
27
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue
intermediate
28
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity
high
29
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction
fast
30
Type IIa Muscle Fibers: location
major muscles of legs
31
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: mitochondria
sparse
32
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: capillaries
sparse
33
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: diameter
large
34
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: motor unit size
large
35
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: myoglobin content
low
36
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: glycogen content
high
37
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: generation of ATP
anaerobic glycolysis
38
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: glycolytic enzymes
high
39
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: rate of fatigue
fast
40
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: myosin-ATPase activity
high
41
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: speed of contraction
fast
42
Type IIb Muscle Fibers: location
extraocular muscles
43
Skeletal Muscle: skeletal attachment
present
44
Skeletal Muscle: fiber shape
cylindrical
45
Skeletal Muscle: fiber diameter
10-100μm
46
Skeletal Muscle: mitochondria
few (2%)
47
Skeletal Muscle: functional syncitium
none
48
Skeletal Muscle: nucleus
multiple, peripheral
49
Skeletal Muscle: sarcomere (striation)
regular
50
Skeletal Muscle: T-tubules
center of triads at A-I junctions
51
Cardiac Muscle: skeletal attachment
none
52
Cardiac Muscle: fiber shape
cylindrical, branches
53
Cardiac Muscle: fiber diameter
10-20μm
54
Cardiac Muscle: mitochondria
many (40%)
55
Cardiac Muscle: functional syncitium
present
56
Cardiac Muscle: nucleus
one or two, central
57
Cardiac Muscle: sarcomere (striation)
regular
58
Cardiac Muscle: T-tubules
diads at Z dics
59
Smooth Muscle: skeletal attachment
none
60
Smooth Muscle: fiber shape
fusiform
61
Smooth Muscle: fiber diameter
0.2-10μm
62
Smooth Muscle: mitochondria
less
63
Smooth Muscle: functional syncitium
presemt
64
Smooth Muscle: nucleus
single, central at the widest part of the cell
65
Smooth Muscle: sarcomere (striation)
none
66
Smooth Muscle: T-tubules
none, caveolae may be functionally similar
67
Skeletal Muscle: actin attachment
Z line
68
Skeletal Muscle: Ca binding protein
troponin
69
Skeletal Muscle: response to stimulus
graded by recruitment
70
Skeletal Muscle: excitability
nerve supply (motor)
71
Skeletal Muscle: electrical coupling
none
72
Skeletal Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca
none
73
Skeletal Muscle: regeneration
limited
74
Skeletal Muscle: pacemaker potential
none
75
Skeletal Muscle: major locations
skeletal muscle, tongue, diaphragm, eyes, upper esophagus
76
Cardiac Muscle: actin attachment
Z line
77
Cardiac Muscle: Ca binding protein
troponin
78
Cardiac Muscle: response to stimulus
all or none electrical syncitium
79
Cardiac Muscle: excitability
intrinsic (autonomic)
80
Cardiac Muscle: electrical coupling
intercalated disc and gap junctions
81
Cardiac Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca
present
82
Cardiac Muscle: regeneration
very poor
83
Cardiac Muscle: pacemaker potential
present
84
Cardiac Muscle: major locations
heart
85
Smooth Muscle: actin attachment
dense bodies
86
Smooth Muscle: Ca binding protein
calmodulin
87
Smooth Muscle: response to stimulus
partial, slow, spontaneous, wave-like, rhythmic
88
Smooth Muscle: excitability
intrinsic (autonomic)
89
Smooth Muscle: electrical coupling
gap junctions
90
Smooth Muscle: sensitivity to extracellular Ca
present
91
regeneration
good
92
Smooth Muscle: pacemaker potential
present
93
Smooth Muscle: major locations
blood vessels, digestive and respiratory tracts, uterus, bladder
94
Pacemaker of cardiac muscles
SA node
95
Pacemaker of smooth muscles in GI tract
interstitial cells of Cajal
96
Vessel supplying the SA node
R coronary artery
97
Endoplasmic reticulum in muscles
sarcoplasmic reticulum
98
Ca voltage sensor receptors in the tubular membrane
dihydropyridine receptors
99
Ca-channel blocker that acts on dihydropyridine receptors
Nifedipine
100
Ca-release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ryanodine Ca Release Channels
101
Part of sarcoplasmic reticulum where Ca is stored
terminal cisternae
102
Does not shorten in contraction
A band
103
Sarcomere: thin filaments only
I band
104
Sarcomere: thick filaments only
H band
105
Sarcomere: mostly thick filaments with thin filaments in between
A band
106
Sarcomere: structural protein of thin filaments
actin
107
Sarcomere: structural protein of thick filaments
myosin
108
Sarcomere: supporting protein that binds to tropomyosin
Trop T
109
Sarcomere: supporting protein that binds Ca ions
Trop C
110
Sarcomere: supporting protein that inhibits actin-myosin interaction
Trop I
111
Sarcomere: contains ATPase activity
myosin
112
Muscle Striations: thick and thin filaments, dark band
A band
113
Muscle Striations: thin myofilaments, light band
I band
114
Muscle Striations: bisects the A band, thick filaments only, dark band
H band/zone
115
Muscle Striations: bisects the I band
Z disk
116
Delimits Sarcomeres
distance between 2 Z disks
117
Muscle Striations: bisects A band, absolute middle of a sarcomere
M line
118
A Band: Contraction
no change
119
A Band: Stretching
no change
120
I Band: Contraction
shortens
121
I Band: Stretching
lengthens
122
H Band: Contraction
shortens
123
H Band: Stretching
lengthens
124
Z Discs: Contraction
moves closer together
125
Z Discs: Stretching
moves further apart
126
M Line: Contraction
shortens
127
M Line: Stretching
lengthens
128
Substance release by damaged muscle fibers into the bloodstream causes renal failure and possible death
myoglobin
129
Process of muscle breakdown
rhabdomyolysis
