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Histology > X - Immune System and Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

X - Immune System and Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Immediate, nonspecific actions that prevent infections or penetration of the host body

A

Innate Immunity

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2
Q

Immunity: skin, mucous membranes, neutrophils, leukocytes, NK cells

A

Innate Immunity

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3
Q

Immunity: HCl, organic acids, defensins, lysozyme, complement, interferons

A

Innate Immunity

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4
Q

Immunity: acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms, more specific, slower, B and T cells, antigen presenting cells, memory lymphocytes

A

Adaptive Immunity

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5
Q

Immunity: involved in both innate and adaptive, coordinate cell activities in the immune response

A

cytokines

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6
Q

Cytokines: growth and differentiation factors for leukocyte progenitor cells in bone marrow

A

GM-CSF, M-CSF

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7
Q

Cytokines: stimulation of inflammation and fever

A

TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1

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8
Q

Cytokines: stimulation of growth in T lymphocytes and NK cells

A

IL-12

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9
Q

Cytokines: growth factors for T helper cells and B lymphocytes

A

IL-2, IL-4

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10
Q

Cytokines: eosinophil proliferation, differentiation and activation

A

IL-5

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11
Q

Cytokines: activation of macrophages

A

Interferon-γ, IL-4

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12
Q

Cytokines: inhibition of macrophages and specific adaptive immune responses

A

IL-10

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13
Q

Cytokines: antiviral activity

A

Interferon-α, Interferon-β

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14
Q

Cytokines: chemokine for neutrophils and T lymphocytes

A

IL-8

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15
Q

Large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses

A

antibodies

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16
Q

Recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called an antigen

A

antibodies

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17
Q

Each tip of the “Y” of the antibody contains a _____ (lock) that is specific for an _____ (key).

A

paratope, epitope

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18
Q

Antibodies are produced by

A

plasma cells

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19
Q

Immunoglobulins by Amount

A

G (75-85%), A (10-15%), M (5-10%), E (0.002%), D (0.001%)

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20
Q

Immunoglobulins: secretory IG, mucosal areas, gut, respiratory tract, prevents colonization by pathogens, saliva, tears, milk

A

IgA

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21
Q

Immunoglobulins: antigen receptor on B-cells that have not been exposed to antigens, activate basophils and mast cells to produce antimicrobial factors

A

IgD

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22
Q

Immunoglobulins: binds to allergens and triggers histamine release from mast cells and basophils, protects against parasitic worms

A

IgE

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23
Q

Immunoglobulins: provides the majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens, only antibody capable of crossing the placenta to give passive immunity to fetus

A

IgG

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24
Q

Immunoglobulins: expressed on the surface of B-cells (monomer) and in a secreted form (pentamer) with very high avidity, first antibody produced in initial immune response, activates complement

A

IgM

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25
Q

Hypersensitivity: immediate

A

type I

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26
Q

Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis

A

type I

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27
Q

Hypersensitivity: atopy

A

type I

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28
Q

Hypersensitivity: IgE

A

type I

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29
Q

Hypersensitivity: cytotoxic (antibody-dependent)

A

type II

30
Q

Hypersensitivity: Goodpasture’s Syndrome

A

type II

31
Q

Hypersensitivity: Erythroblastosis Fetalis

A

type II

32
Q

Hypersensitivity: IgM, IgG

A

type II

33
Q

Hypersensitivity: Immune Complex

A

type III

34
Q

Hypersensitivity: SLE

A

type III

35
Q

Hypersensitivity: RA

A

type III

36
Q

Hypersensitivity: Serum Sickness

A

type III

37
Q

Hypersensitivity: IgG, complement

A

type III

38
Q

Hypersensitivity: delayed

A

type IV

39
Q

Hypersensitivity: chronic transplant rejection

A

type IV

40
Q

Hypersensitivity: Multiple Sclerosis

A

type IV

41
Q

Hypersensitivity: Mantoux Test

A

type IV

42
Q

Hypersensitivity: T-cells

A

type IV

43
Q

T lymphocytes: Thymus

A

100%

44
Q

T lymphocytes: Bone Marrow

A

10%

45
Q

T lymphocytes: Spleen

A

45%

46
Q

T lymphocytes: Lymph Nodes

A

60%

47
Q

T lymphocytes: Blood

A

70%

48
Q

B lymphocytes: Thymus

A

0%

49
Q

B lymphocytes: Bone Marrow

A

90%

50
Q

B lymphocytes: Spleen

A

55%

51
Q

B lymphocytes: Lymph Nodes

A

40%

52
Q

B lymphocytes: Blood

A

30%

53
Q

Lymphoid Organs: induction of central tolerance preventing autoimmunity

A

thymus

54
Q

Lymphoid Organs: one of the largest lymphoid organs (70% of all immune cells), tonsils (palatine, lingual, pharyngeal), Peyer’s patches, appendix

A

MALT - Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

55
Q

Lymphoid Organs: completely encapsulated, 400-450 in the body, in-line filters of lymph that defend against the spread of microorganisms and tumor cells, facilitate production of plasma cells secreting non-IgA antibodies

A

lymph nodes

56
Q

Lymphoid Organs: largest single accumulation of lymphoid tissue, only one involved in the filtration of blood, main site of erythrocyte destruction

A

spleen

57
Q

Thymus: cortex/medulla

A

present (distinct)

58
Q

Thymus: lymphoid nodules

A

absent

59
Q

Thymus: lymhatic vessels

A

(-) afferents, few efferents

60
Q

Thymus: unique features

A

Hassall corpuscles in the medulla, epithelial-reticular cells in cortex and medulla

61
Q

MALT: cortex/medulla

A

absent

62
Q

MALT: lymphoid nodules

A

present

63
Q

MALT: lymphatic vessels

A

(-) afferents, (+) efferents

64
Q

MALT: unique features

A

crypts lined by surface mucosa in tonsils, epithelial M cells in mucosa over Peyer patches

65
Q

Lymph Nodes: cortex/medulla

A

present

66
Q

Lymph Nodes: lymphoid nodules

A

in cortex only

67
Q

Lymph Nodes: lymphatic vessels

A

afferents at capsule, efferent at hilum

68
Q

Lymph Nodes: unique features

A

thin paracortical region between cortex and medulla, high endothelial venules (HEV)

69
Q

Spleen: cortex-medulla

A

absent

70
Q

Spleen: lymphoid nodules

A

in white pulp only

71
Q

Spleen: lymphatic vessels

A

(-) afferents, efferents in trabeculae

72
Q

Spleen: unique features

A

minor white pulp component with central arterioles, major red pulp component (splenic cords of Billroth) with sinusoids (RBC removal)

Histology (17 decks)

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