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British Experience of Warfare > WW1 Air defence at home > Flashcards

WW1 Air defence at home Flashcards

1
Q

when did the Kaiser authorise the use of Zeppelins for bombing raids?

A

1915

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2
Q

when was the first air raid on London?

A

May 1915

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3
Q

how many died in the first air raid on London?

A

7

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4
Q

how many Zeppelin raids occurred in Britain?

A

51

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5
Q

how many British people had Zeppelin raids killed in WW1?

A

550

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6
Q

which sea towns were attacked by Zeppelin bombers?

A

Yarmouth
Scarborough
Hartlepool

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7
Q

were coastal towns well defended to the threats in the air?

A

no
there was no air defence system in place in the early part of the war

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8
Q

what were the British people’s feelings on Zeppelin air raids?

A

they were shocked and surprised as they never believe they could die from a threat in the air

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9
Q

how did the Press portray the Zeppelin raids?

A

they would say that damage was minimal
BUT
would heavily criticise Germany for it’s attack on British civillians

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10
Q

when did the RFC take over the RNAS with home defence?

A

December 1915

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11
Q

why was it difficult to intercept Zeppelin bombers in 1915?

A

the aircraft at the time could not reach very high altitudes

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12
Q

why did authorities have doubts over the use of air raid warnings?

A

they worried that it would cause panic amongst the public

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13
Q

what was the official view of air raid warnings at the start?

A

they could cause shock and lead to heart attacks, fright or turning people mad

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14
Q

why would the public often crowd outside during an air raid?

A

they wanted to see the Zeppelin bombers for themselves

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15
Q

what led to greater measures of air raid warnings?

A

the development of bombing by the Germans

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16
Q

what new measures were introduced for air raid warnings?

A

restrictions on lighting
semi-blackouts
cut off of gas and electrical supplies

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17
Q

when was the first mass bombing raid by German bombers?

A

June 1917

18
Q

what was the German bomber most used after 1917?

A

the Gotha bomber

19
Q

how many died in the raid on London in June 1917?

A

162

20
Q

why were the Gothas harder to deal with than the Zeppelins?

A

they appeared in great numbers
they were smaller
they were harder to intercept

21
Q

how many RFC squadrons did Haig release for home defence?

A

2

22
Q

what was LADA?

A

London Air Defence Area

23
Q

who suggested the implementation of LADA?

A

General Smuts

24
Q

what was included with LADA?

A

an eastern battery of AA guns
more aircraft

25
Q

what effect did air raids have on industry?

A

many men who worked in munitions factories were afraid to show up to work
munitions factories were major targets for German bombers

26
Q

what was the change in German bombings after 1917?

A

switch to night raids
larger aircraft with more bombs
development of the incendiary bomb

27
Q

why was the incendiary bomb never used?

A

the Germans were worried that its use would lead to major British reprisals in terms of heavy bombing of Germany

would make a peace treaty harder to achieve

28
Q

when was the first Gotha bomber shot down over Britain?

A

January 1918

29
Q

what were unorthodox methods of air defence used by the British?

A

floodlighting the sky
use of tethered balloons
AA guns set up in zones

30
Q

what was the new air raid warning system by 1918?

A

‘take cover’ placards were used to signal a bombing taking place
an ‘all clear’ bugle was sounded at the end of a bombing

31
Q

what did government leaflets inform the British people about?

A

the type of German and British aircraft which allowed them to identify between the 2

32
Q

what were British people told to do if they spotted a German aircraft?

A

inform the local authorities and take cover

33
Q

by April 1918 how many AA guns were placed in LADA?

A

266

34
Q

how successful were AA guns?

A

had little physical success against aircraft
BUT
acted as a major detterant

35
Q

what was the major reason for the loss of Gotha bombers?

A

2/3 were lost due to mechanical issues and pilot error

36
Q

how did British propaganda portray German bombing?

A

showed it to be an act of barbarism as German was clearly the aggressor and killing civilians was clearly wrong

37
Q

who did Lord Beaverbrook hope to entice by exemplifying Germany’s use of bombers on British civilians?

A

the Americans

38
Q

when was the No 41 Wing formed?

A

October 1917

39
Q

what was the No 41 Wing for?

A

strategic bombing on German targets

40
Q

when was the last German air raid?

A

May 1918

41
Q

what had German air raids shown about British vulnerability?

A

Britain as an island was no longer protected by a strong navy
it was not vulnerable from threats in the air

British Experience of Warfare (27 decks)

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