the situation going into crimea

Question 1

what treaty signed in 1815 created international peace?

Answer 1

Treaty of Vienna

Question 2

who was the PM of the UK during the Crimean War?

Answer 2

Lord Aberdeen

Question 3

what was Lord Aberdeen afraid the Russians would do?

Answer 3

he was worried that the Russians would seize Constantinople and sail through the Straits and threaten British supremacy in the Med

Question 4

who was the leader of France during the Crimean War?

Answer 4

Napoleon III

Question 5

who was the leader of Russia during the Crimean War?

Answer 5

Nicholas I

Question 6

where did Nicholas I send Russian troops to in July 1853?

Answer 6

Walachia and Moldavia

Question 7

what split was there in Aberdeen’s cabinet?

Answer 7

Aberdeen = pacific and anti-Ottoman

Lord Palmerston = belicose and anti-Russian

Question 8

what were the feelings of most Britons?

Answer 8

they were mostly anti-Russian and wanted a firm response to Russian expansion

Question 9

when did the Ottomans declare war on Russia?

Answer 9

October 1853

Question 10

when was the Battle of Sinope?

Answer 10

30 November 1853

Question 11

what was the outcome of the Battle of Sinope?

Answer 11

the Russian Black Fleet demolished the Turkish fleet

3,000 Turkish lost

Question 11

when did the British and French fleet sail to the Black Sea?

Answer 11

January 1854

Question 12

when did the British and French send an ultimatum to Russia?

Answer 12

27 February 1854

Question 13

what did the ultimatum want?

Answer 13

that the Russians leave Moldavia and Wallachia

Question 14

what did the Russians do with the ultimatum?

Answer 14

they ignored it

Question 15

when did Britain declare war in Russia?

Answer 15

28 March 1854

Question 16

when did Russia leave Wallachia and Moldavia?

Answer 16

July 1854

Question 17

what were the Four Points proposed by the Austrians?

Answer 17

• Russia would lose special rights to Serbia, Moldavia and Wallachia
• navigation of the Danube would be open to all
• 1841 Straits convention would be revised
• Christians in the Ottoman Empire to be under European protection

Question 18

when did Russia reject the Four Points?

Answer 18

September 1854

Question 19

who was Lord Raglan?

Answer 19

head of the British expeditionary force

Question 20

how many British troops sailed to the Crimea?

Answer 20

26,000

Question 21

what was Wellington’s role before his death?

Answer 21

he was commander in chief

Question 22

when did Wellington die?

Answer 22

September 1853

Question 23

what was the cut in military spending by the 1840s?

Answer 23

£43 million in 1815
£9.5 million in 1840s

Question 24

what was a problem in the divisional command?

Answer 24

the age of all the commanders only one of the commanders was under 60

Question 25

what was a problem amongst the officers?

Answer 25

a lot of officers were given a role in command so you had a very upper class order of command

Question 26

since the French wars had the tactics used by the BA changed?

Answer 26

nope BA still used: infantry musket fire artillery support cavalry charges

Question 27

had the uniform and equipment used by the BA changed since Waterloo?

Answer 27

not really still wore red uniforms same weaponry used

Question 28

what advantage in weaponry did the French and British have over the Russian?

Answer 28

the Minie rifle muzzle loading rifle which was more powerful than the BA standard Brown Bess

Question 29

how many times more accurate was the Minie rifle than the Russian smoothbore rifle?

Answer 29

three times more

Question 30

what experience had the BA gained after Waterloo?

Answer 30

a large QUANTITY in experience as the BA fought many colonial wars (India, Afghanistan) BUT little QUALITY in enemy forces which led to a feeling of overconfidence

Question 31

what was to be the RN's role in Crimea?

Answer 31

to blockade the Russian fleet transport troops transport supplies

Question 32

what organised supplies, food and transport for the BA in Crimea?

Answer 32

the Commissariat

Question 33

what were the issues with the Commissariat?

Answer 33

it was run by civilian contractors and so was inefficient and not fully in army control