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British Experience of Warfare > the Crimean war (post-Balaclava) > Flashcards

the Crimean war (post-Balaclava) Flashcards

1
Q

when was the Battle of Inkerman?

A

5 November 1854

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2
Q

why was the Russian advance at Inkerman surprising for the British?

A

the Russians were hidden by rain and fog

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3
Q

what saved the British at Inkerman?

A

the arrival of French forces

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4
Q

how many Russians died at Inkerman?

A

11000

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5
Q

how many British died at Inkerman?

A

597

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6
Q

what did Raglan warn the Duke of Newcastle about?

A

the danger of wintering in Crimea

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7
Q

what was the Duke of Newcastle’s reply to Raglan about Crimean winters?

A

that they were among the mildest in the world

shows the stupidity of politicians in Britain

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8
Q

how bad was the winter of 1854/55?

A

was the worst Crimean winters ever

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9
Q

what meant that British troops could not cook or stay warm?

A

it was wet so they could not start any fires

camps were blown away by the storms

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10
Q

which ship had been carrying hay to Crimea for British horses?

A

The Progress

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11
Q

when was the terrible storm in Crimea?

A

14 November 1854

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12
Q

who was responsible for the congestion in Balaclava harbour?

A

Admiral Boxer

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13
Q

what was Admiral Boxer’s job?

A

he was in charge of transport arrangements

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14
Q

what did Boxer do to create congestion in the harbour?

A

he was inefficient which meant ships arrived without notice and without knowing what supplies they carried
at the port, supplies would sit bayside and would end up rotting

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15
Q

what prevented the British from supplying their troops in outside of Balaclava before the winter?

A

the Russians controlled the Woronstov Road

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16
Q

when and why did the Russians retreat from their positions at Woronstov Road?

A

6 December 1854
the winter

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17
Q

who was sent to Crimea to build a railway?

A

Samuel Peto

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18
Q

when was the Crimean railway constructed?

A

January 1855

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19
Q

how important was the construction of the railways in Crimea?

A

allowed for far more efficient transport of supplies to the British frontline

was also much faster

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20
Q

how far was Balaclava from Britain?

A

4000 miles

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21
Q

how far was Balaclava from the siege lines?

A

6 miles

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22
Q

what was the problem with administration in Crimea?

A

army administrators in Britian were fighting between eachother with departments being jealous of other departments

23
Q

what illnesses were prominent in Crimea?

A

cholera
scurvy
gangrene
typhus
thyohoid
dysentry

24
Q

what was the hospital at Balaclava like?

A

filthy and overcrowded
a prime location for disease to spread

25
Q

which hospital did Florence Nightingale work at?

A

Scutari

26
Q

how many men did Blake treat for illness?

A

3025

27
Q

how many men did Blake treat for wounds?

A

564

28
Q

what was Raglan’ relationship with his troops?

A

he rarely addressed them
he didnt look to raise troop morale

29
Q

in what ways was Raglan as a commander heavily influenced by Wellington?

A

he trained them in the same way with lines of infantry firing volleys of musket fire

30
Q

what was Raglan’ relationship with the government?

A

he declined to inform them of his worries or ask for help

31
Q

how was Raglan successful?

A

he won the Battle of Alma and Balaclava by using his overwhelming BA power through infantry and cavalry attacks

his work, despite his death, led to an overall British victory in Crimea by 1855

32
Q

how was Raglan a failure?

A

was not popular amongst his men

was at part responsible for poor communication to his subordinates —> charge of light brigade

33
Q

in what ways were the failures during the Crimean War out of Raglans hands?

A

he could not control the weather

supplies were not under his jurisdiction

as a MILITARY commander he had little involvement in healthcare

the failures of the Light Brigade could also be attributed to Nolan and Lucan

34
Q

by January 1855 how many British troops were active?

A

11000

35
Q

how many British troops were sick or wounded by January 1855?

A

23,000

36
Q

when did Austria sign a treaty with Britain and France?

A

December 1854

37
Q

when did Piedmont ally with Britain and France?

A

January 1855

38
Q

what changed Russia’s opinion on continuing war?

A

Tsar Nicholas died in March 1855 and his son Alexander II did not want to commit to war

39
Q

how many British troops were in Crimea by Spring 1855?

A

32,000

40
Q

what problems did the allies face in Spring 1855?

A
  • it was still easy for the Russians to resupply and reinforce as Sevastopol was not fully surrounded
  • the defences in Sevastopol were still very strong
41
Q

what problems did the Russians face in Spring 1855?

A
  • no railway lines from Moscow meant that it took 3 months for supplies or troops to arrive
  • the Russian administrative system was corrupt
  • the Russians focussed their troops on Austria instead by sending 100,000 Russian troops to the Austrian border
42
Q

when was the second bombardment of Sevastopol?

A

June 1855

43
Q

how many allied guns were used in the second bombardement of Sevastopol?

A

520

44
Q

how long was the second bombardment?

A

10 days

45
Q

what was significant about the siege of Sevastpol?

A

both sides started using trench warfare

engineers had a more important role in building siege defences and positions

NO CAVALRY CHARGE

46
Q

when and how did Raglan die?

A

28 June 1855
dysentery

47
Q

when was the Battle of Chernya captured?

A

16 August 1855

48
Q

when did the Russians abandon Sevastopol?

A

11 September 1855

49
Q

when was an armistice agreed by Alexander?

A

February 1856

50
Q

when was the Treaty of Paris signed?

A

March 1856

ended the war

51
Q

how did the Crimean War change modern warfare?

A

showed the importance of logistics and firepower

role of the engineer became more prominent

52
Q

how many Britons died in Crimea?

A

22,000

53
Q

how many Russians died in Crimea?

A

500,000

British Experience of Warfare (27 decks)

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