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British Experience of Warfare > pre-Boer situation (bw) > Flashcards

pre-Boer situation (bw) Flashcards

1
Q

when was Cape Colony seized by Britain?

A

1815

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2
Q

when was the Great Trek?

A

1830

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3
Q

why were the Boers unhappy with the British in 1830?

A

Britain had abolished slavery

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4
Q

when did Britain annex Natal?

A

1843

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5
Q

who were the Boer’s rivals before the British?

A

the black Zulus

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6
Q

when did Britain defeat the Zulu kingdom?

A

1879

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7
Q

what caused the First Boer War?

A

Britain’s refusal to return Transvaal to the Boers

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8
Q

what was the outcome of the First Boer War?

A

Britain was defeated

Transvaal and Orange Free State were declared self governing nations under the suzerainty of the British Empire

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9
Q

what did suzerainty mean?

A

Britain was the ultimate power

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10
Q

when was gold discovered in Transvaal?

A

1886

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11
Q

who were the uitlanders?

A

foreign workers who moved to the Transvaal to benefit off of the gold rush

most were British

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12
Q

what had the uitlanders caused in Transvaal?

A
  • took over control of the new wealth
  • they outnumbered the Boer population
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13
Q

what gave Britain a reason to interfere with Kruger’s Transvaal?

A

uitlanders were forced to reside 14 years before they could apply for naturalisation

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14
Q

who was the President of Transvaal?

A

Paul Kruger

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15
Q

who was PM in 1895?

A

Lord Salisbury

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16
Q

who was the Colonial Secretary under Salisbury?

A

Joseph Chamberlain

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17
Q

how were Chamberlain and Salisbury different?

A

Chamberlain = more aggressive foreign policy
Salisbury = more quieter foreign policy

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18
Q

when did Cecil Rhodes become PM of Cape Colony?

A

1890

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19
Q

when was the Jameson Raid?

A

December 1895

20
Q

what was the Jameson Raid?

A

Rhodes ordered 600 men led by Dr Jameson to seize Johannesburg
this would trigger an uitlander uprising
BUT
after fighting with the Boers, Jameson surrendered

21
Q

what was the result of the Jameson Raid?

A
  • Cecil Rhodes forced to resign as PM
  • Transvaal and the Orange Free State signed a treaty in 1897
  • Kruger purchased the best European weapons for Transvaal
22
Q

who led the Orange Free State?

A

Steyn

23
Q

who was Alfred Milner?

A

High Commissioner of Southern Africa

sent to SA to resolve Boer issue
was an imperialist

24
Q

when was the Bloemfontein conference?

A

31 May 1899

25
Q

what demand did Milner make at the conference?

A

that the uitlanders should recieve the right to vote

26
Q

when did Kruger give his ultimatum?

A

9 October 1899

27
Q

what was Kruger’s ultimatum?

A

all British troops should remove themselves from the Transvaal border
otherwise, there would be war

28
Q

when did the Boers declare war on Britain?

A

11 October 1899

29
Q

why was there a lack of military reform in the build up to 1899?

A
  • lack of govt funding
  • little pressure to change as army had been doing well
  • Duke of Cambridge sticked to tradionalism
30
Q

when and who replaced the Duke of Cambridge as 1ic?

A

Lord Wolsely
in 1895

31
Q

why was the BA in a better place in 1899?

A
  • many officers had got proper experience from fighting in various colonial wars
  • Wolesely had stressed the importance of supplies and logistics through reform
  • more men
32
Q

what were the problems in the BA in 1899?

A
  • shortage of ammo
  • red and blue uniforms to use in desert warfare?!?!
  • intelligence and staff work were inadequate
  • tactics were still traditional (no use of trench warfare and cavalry raids)
33
Q

why were the Boers weak against the British?

A
  • only 60,000 men
  • tribal mobilisation system
    • Boers bought their own guns + horse
    • lack of organisation
34
Q

why were the Boers underestimated?

A
  • they were excellent horsemen and marksmen
  • were armed with Europe’s best guns —> Mauser Rifle + Creusot guns
  • more knowledge of terrain
  • defending so more morale
35
Q

what experience did the Boers have before 1899?

A

the victory in the First Boer War
fighting the Zulus

36
Q

what were the Boer’s most effective fighting units?

A

the commandos

they were bands of horsemen who raided British convoys and outposts

37
Q

who were the main generals sent to fight against the Boers?

A

Buller
Roberts of Kandahar
Kitchener of Khartoum

experienced men so expectations were high

38
Q

Roberts of Kandahar

A

was famous for his work in the Second Anglo-Afghan War

39
Q

Kitchener of Khartoum

A

was famous for his victory in Sudan 1898

40
Q

what was the role of the RN in the Boer War?

A

they transported troops, supplies and horses to Cape Colony

important in providing endless reinforcements compared to the limited Boer numbers

41
Q

what method of transport did the Boers primarily use?

A

Ox wagons

42
Q

what method of transport did the British primarily use?

A

the railways

43
Q

what was set up to monitor the railway system in SA?

A

Department of Military Railways

had a specialist unit of railway engineers who could repair and extend the rail network

44
Q

how would Kitchener later reinforce the railway lines used by the British?

A

using armoured trains
fortifying stations

45
Q

what major advances in technology would be used by the British in the Boer Wars?

A

breech loading artillery
Maxim machine guns

46
Q

what changes were made to British uniform used in Africa?

A

Khaki began to be used after showing it’s worth in India and Sudan

British Experience of Warfare (27 decks)

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