pre-Boer situation (bw)

Question 1

when was Cape Colony seized by Britain?

Answer 1

1815

Question 2

when was the Great Trek?

Answer 2

1830

Question 3

why were the Boers unhappy with the British in 1830?

Answer 3

Britain had abolished slavery

Question 4

when did Britain annex Natal?

Answer 4

1843

Question 5

who were the Boer’s rivals before the British?

Answer 5

the black Zulus

Question 6

when did Britain defeat the Zulu kingdom?

Answer 6

1879

Question 7

what caused the First Boer War?

Answer 7

Britain’s refusal to return Transvaal to the Boers

Question 8

what was the outcome of the First Boer War?

Answer 8

Britain was defeated

Transvaal and Orange Free State were declared self governing nations under the suzerainty of the British Empire

Question 9

what did suzerainty mean?

Answer 9

Britain was the ultimate power

Question 10

when was gold discovered in Transvaal?

Answer 10

1886

Question 11

who were the uitlanders?

Answer 11

foreign workers who moved to the Transvaal to benefit off of the gold rush

most were British

Question 12

what had the uitlanders caused in Transvaal?

Answer 12

• took over control of the new wealth
• they outnumbered the Boer population

Question 13

what gave Britain a reason to interfere with Kruger’s Transvaal?

Answer 13

uitlanders were forced to reside 14 years before they could apply for naturalisation

Question 14

who was the President of Transvaal?

Answer 14

Paul Kruger

Question 15

who was PM in 1895?

Answer 15

Lord Salisbury

Question 16

who was the Colonial Secretary under Salisbury?

Answer 16

Joseph Chamberlain

Question 17

how were Chamberlain and Salisbury different?

Answer 17

Chamberlain = more aggressive foreign policy
Salisbury = more quieter foreign policy

Question 18

when did Cecil Rhodes become PM of Cape Colony?

Answer 18

1890

Question 19

when was the Jameson Raid?

Answer 19

December 1895

Question 20

what was the Jameson Raid?

Answer 20

Rhodes ordered 600 men led by Dr Jameson to seize Johannesburg
this would trigger an uitlander uprising
BUT
after fighting with the Boers, Jameson surrendered

Question 21

what was the result of the Jameson Raid?

Answer 21

• Cecil Rhodes forced to resign as PM
• Transvaal and the Orange Free State signed a treaty in 1897
• Kruger purchased the best European weapons for Transvaal

Question 22

who led the Orange Free State?

Answer 22

Steyn

Question 23

who was Alfred Milner?

Answer 23

High Commissioner of Southern Africa

sent to SA to resolve Boer issue
was an imperialist

Question 24

when was the Bloemfontein conference?

Answer 24

31 May 1899

Question 25

what demand did Milner make at the conference?

Answer 25

that the uitlanders should recieve the right to vote

Question 26

when did Kruger give his ultimatum?

Answer 26

9 October 1899

Question 27

what was Kruger’s ultimatum?

Answer 27

all British troops should remove themselves from the Transvaal border otherwise, there would be war

Question 28

when did the Boers declare war on Britain?

Answer 28

11 October 1899

Question 29

why was there a lack of military reform in the build up to 1899?

Answer 29

- lack of govt funding - little pressure to change as army had been doing well - Duke of Cambridge sticked to tradionalism

Question 30

when and who replaced the Duke of Cambridge as 1ic?

Answer 30

Lord Wolsely in 1895

Question 31

why was the BA in a better place in 1899?

Answer 31

- many officers had got proper experience from fighting in various colonial wars - Wolesely had stressed the importance of supplies and logistics through reform - more men

Question 32

what were the problems in the BA in 1899?

Answer 32

- shortage of ammo - red and blue uniforms to use in desert warfare?!?! - intelligence and staff work were inadequate - tactics were still traditional (no use of trench warfare and cavalry raids)

Question 33

why were the Boers weak against the British?

Answer 33

- only 60,000 men - tribal mobilisation system - Boers bought their own guns + horse - lack of organisation

Question 34

why were the Boers underestimated?

Answer 34

- they were excellent horsemen and marksmen - were armed with Europe’s best guns —> Mauser Rifle + Creusot guns - more knowledge of terrain - defending so more morale

Question 35

what experience did the Boers have before 1899?

Answer 35

the victory in the First Boer War fighting the Zulus

Question 36

what were the Boer's most effective fighting units?

Answer 36

the commandos they were bands of horsemen who raided British convoys and outposts

Question 37

who were the main generals sent to fight against the Boers?

Answer 37

Buller Roberts of Kandahar Kitchener of Khartoum experienced men so expectations were high

Question 38

Roberts of Kandahar

Answer 38

was famous for his work in the Second Anglo-Afghan War

Question 39

Kitchener of Khartoum

Answer 39

was famous for his victory in Sudan 1898

Question 40

what was the role of the RN in the Boer War?

Answer 40

they transported troops, supplies and horses to Cape Colony important in providing endless reinforcements compared to the limited Boer numbers

Question 41

what method of transport did the Boers primarily use?

Answer 41

Ox wagons

Question 42

what method of transport did the British primarily use?

Answer 42

the railways

Question 43

what was set up to monitor the railway system in SA?

Answer 43

Department of Military Railways had a specialist unit of railway engineers who could repair and extend the rail network

Question 44

how would Kitchener later reinforce the railway lines used by the British?

Answer 44

using armoured trains fortifying stations

Question 45

what major advances in technology would be used by the British in the Boer Wars?

Answer 45

breech loading artillery Maxim machine guns

Question 46

what changes were made to British uniform used in Africa?

Answer 46

Khaki began to be used after showing it's worth in India and Sudan