crimea’s effect in britain

Question 1

what impact did the press have on the Crimean War?

Answer 1

they were able to show the British people what was happening in Crimea

Question 2

what invention allowed news to reach Britain so quickly?

Answer 2

the electric telegraph

Question 3

why was the cost of a newspaper falling?

Answer 3

new technology
less tax
greater demand

Question 4

which reporter was sent to Crimea to cover the war for The Times?

Answer 4

William Howard Russell

Question 5

who was sent to Crimea to photograph the war?

Answer 5

Roger Fenton

Question 6

what stance did The Times hold with regards to the Crimean War?

Answer 6

they were anti-war

Question 7

why was war photography not natural in the Crimean War?

Answer 7

subjects would have to pose as technology didn’t allow for natural shots

Fenton also avoided taking pictures of the dead or injured

Question 8

what did the press make of Raglan?

Answer 8

they attacked his leadership and judgement and blamed him for the British struggle in Crimea

Question 9

what was Raglan concerned the press may do?

Answer 9

leak British plans and positions to the Russians

Question 10

how did Raglan deal with the press?

Answer 10

nothing

Question 11

how did Raglan deal with the press?

Answer 11

nothing

Question 12

why did the British government do nothing to deal with the press in Crimea?

Answer 12

they were worried it may look like they were hiding what was actually happening in Crimea to the public

Question 13

when did Lord Aberdeen resign?

Answer 13

30 January 1855

Question 14

why did Lord Aberdeen resign?

Answer 14

a committee was to be set up to investigate the conduct of the Crimean War

Question 15

which MP called for a motion to investigate the Crimean War?

Answer 15

Roebuck

Question 16

who replaced Aberdeen as PM?

Answer 16

Palmerston

Question 17

what changes did Palmerston’s government make to the war effort?

Answer 17

• set up a Sanitary Commission
• set up a special transport department
• inefficient administrators were sacked
• the bureaucratic system was changed

Question 18

how was the bureaucratic system changed?

Answer 18

military duties of the colonial secretary were transferred to the War Office

ordnance board was abolished

Question 19

what led to MPs calling for administrative reform?

Answer 19

increased criticism of military mismanagement

Question 20

what did the Administrative Reform Association push for?

Answer 20

apply business-like procedures to government and administration

Question 21

were the Civil Service reforms of 1855 successful?

Answer 21

they made little change and were not in act until after the Crimean War

Question 22

which report published in 1853 led to changes to the Civil Service?

Answer 22

the Northcote-Trevelyan report

Question 23

what did the Northocte-Trevelyan report reccomend?

Answer 23

competition in recruitment
promotion by merit

Question 24

was the Northcote-Trevelyan report successful?

Answer 24

its recommendations were only partially implemented

Question 25

why was paying for the Crimean War not a problem for Britain?

Answer 25

it was a short war Britain was at the height of it's economical power so money was was not hard to find

Question 26

who was the Chancellor in 1854?

Answer 26

William Gladstone

Question 27

what was Gladstone forced to do to fund the war?

Answer 27

increase tax rates and borrowing

Question 28

by how much were tax rates increased?

Answer 28

they were doubled

Question 29

how did Gladstone increase national debt?

Answer 29

by offering government bonds for sale

Question 30

how much of the Crimean war was paid for by borrowing?

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

did the Crimean War affect the British economy?

Answer 31

it had a very little effect

Question 32

when did Nightingale travel to the Black Sea?

Answer 32

21 October 1854

Question 33

which MP allowed Nightingale to go to Crimea?

Answer 33

Sidney Herbert

Question 34

what problems did Nightingale first see in Scutari?

Answer 34

- badly treated patients - overworked medical staff - lack of medical supplies - poor hygiene

Question 35

how did Raglan's staff try to stop Nightingale?

Answer 35

Dr John Hall tried to send Nightingale home

Question 36

how much did Nightingale raise to help soldiers?

Answer 36

£30,000 spent on necessities such as fresh bed linen and cleaning wards

Question 37

how many patients died at Scutari in February 1855?

Answer 37

52%

Question 38

did Nightingale bring about any changes while in Scutari?

Answer 38

no she had the same lack of understanding of the need for clean water, ventilation and hygiene as the army doctors

Question 39

what was set up in 1857 by Nightingale?

Answer 39

Royal Commission on the Health of the Army

Question 40

what were the results of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army?

Answer 40

Nightingale realised that deaths at Scutari were due to poor hygiene and sanitation she focussed on improving the sanitation and diet in the army

Question 41

what book did Nightingale publish which addressed the problems with hospital design and management?

Answer 41

Notes on Hospitals 1859

Question 42

when was the Nightingale Training School set up?

Answer 42

1860

Question 43

at which hospital was the Nightingale Training School?

Answer 43

St Thomas' Hospital

Question 44

what impact did Nightingale have on healthcare in India?

Answer 44

she helped improve medical care in India she pushed for the establishment of a Royal Commission into the health of soldiers in India in 1859

Question 45

how was Nightingale a role model to women?

Answer 45

showed a strong powerful individual who had pushed for the things she believed in

Question 46

what did Mary Seacole do in Crimea?

Answer 46

she built the British Hotel as well as a canteen for sick British soldiers

Question 47

who praised Seacole's actions?

Answer 47

William Howard Russell of The Times

Question 48

was Seacole as influential as Nightingale?

Answer 48

no Nightingale did much more after returning to Crimea but Seacole was also important

Question 49

what did the Roebuck report criticise?

Answer 49

arrangements for transport, provisioning and hospital care

Question 50

when was the McNeill-Tulloch report published?

Answer 50

January 1856

Question 51

what did the McNeill-Tulloch report find?

Answer 51

it criticised Raglan and the Commissariat for the delays in port of Balaclava

Question 52

what did the McNeill-Tulloch report lead to?

Answer 52

reform of the Commissariat in 1858

Question 53

why was reform to the Civil Service and the Army so limited after Crimea?

Answer 53

victories in India and lack of public criticism led to less push for reform

Question 54

who was Commander-in-Chief from 1856 to 1895?

Answer 54

Duke of Cambridge

Question 55

why was the Duke of Cambridge worried about reforms to the army?

Answer 55

he was worried that reform would damage the morale of the army corps

Question 56

why did Britons believe reform was not needed?

Answer 56

they assumed Britain would never enter another continental war

Question 57

what reform happened to the army after Crimea?

Answer 57

- improvement to soldier health - barrack construction in 1859 - staff college at Camberley - better weaponry

Question 58

what was still wrong with the army after Crimea?

Answer 58

- soldiers remained poorly paid - lack of recreation time - harsh military discipline

Question 59

when was flogging abolished?

Answer 59

1881

Question 60

who was Secretary for War in 1868?

Answer 60

Edward Cardwell

Question 61

what reforms did Cardwell bring about?

Answer 61

- reorganised the war office - introduced short term enlistments - abolished the purchase system - localise the army

Question 62

what was the new minimum service in the army after Cardwell's reforms?

Answer 62

7 years

Question 63

what did Cardwell hope short-term enlistments would create?

Answer 63

- reduce pension list - help form a reserve - infantry were in their prime - improve recruitment

Question 64

when was the purchase system abolished?

Answer 64

by Royal Warrant from 1 November 1871

Question 65

which act divided the country into 66 districts?

Answer 65

the Localisation Act of 1872

Question 66

what did the Localisation Act do?

Answer 66

with each district having 2 regular battalions, one could serve abroad while the other trained at home

Question 67

was reorganising the War Office successful?

Answer 67

no there was no department formed to reorganise the army structure

Question 68

was short-term enlistment successful?

Answer 68

no the army lost more men than it gained

Question 69

was the abolishment of the purchase system successful?

Answer 69

yes/no did stop the active purchasing of positions BUT the officers in the army remained to be from upper class backgrounds

Question 70

was the Localisation Act of 1871 successful?

Answer 70

no soldiers from home battalions ended up going abroad anyway as Britain constantly needed troops for it's colonial affairs