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British Experience of Warfare > Boer Guerrilla Warfare > Flashcards

Boer Guerrilla Warfare Flashcards

1
Q

how many Boers were involved in active resistance?

A

20,000

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2
Q

how many British troops were in SA after September 1900?

A

250,000

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3
Q

who were the Boer guerrilla leaders?

A

de Wet
de la Ray
Smuts
Botha

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4
Q

what guerrilla tactics did the Boers use?

A

they were sent to their home districts which allowed them to use their knowledge of the terrain

they striked quickly and fast so that they could deal as much damage as possible before escaping

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5
Q

how did Kitchener restrict the movement of Boers?

A

by using blockhouses

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6
Q

how many blockhouses did Kitchener build?

A

8,000

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7
Q

how much land did the blockhouses cover?

A

4000 miles

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8
Q

what was used in conjunction with the blockhouses?

A

barbed wire fences

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9
Q

what did the blockhouses allow the British to do?

A

conduct sweeps of the terrain which allowed them to trap the Boers

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10
Q

what latest technology did the British use against the Boers?

A

the telephone
telegraph cable

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11
Q

what were mounted raiding columns?

A

used to follow and harrass Boer fighters in an attempt to cut them off or delay them to allow the main forces to catch up

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12
Q

what acted as a rapid action force for the British?

A

armoured trains

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13
Q

what had Roberts implemented before leaving SA?

A

a scorched earth policy

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14
Q

what did Kitchener do with scorched earth policy?

A

he continued it to greater effect

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15
Q

how was the scorched earth policy carried out?

A

the British targeted anything which may provide supplies to Boer guerrillas
they destroyed property and crops as well as poisoning wells

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16
Q

what were concentration camps initially used for?

A

set up as refugee camps for Boer families

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17
Q

+ves of concentration camps

A

prevented Boer families from helping their soldiers
forced many Boers to surrender in fear of losing their families

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18
Q

-ve of concentration camps

A

released the pressure on Boers to look after their families
Brits ran them POORLY and drew a lot of criticism

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19
Q

what were the conditions in the concentration camps?

A
  • lack of food
  • poor shelter
  • bad hygiene and sanitation
  • shortage of medical facilities
  • overcrowding —> led to disease
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20
Q

which diseases were present in concentration camps?

A

measles
typhoid
dysentery

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21
Q

how many Boer men and women died in concentration camps?

A

20,000

1/4 of all inmates

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22
Q

how many concentration camps were built?

A

40

23
Q

what happened to black inmates?

A

they were put in seperate concentration camps

24
Q

how many black inmates died in the camps?

A

12,000

25
Q

what was the reason for the high death rate in the camps?

A

result of incompetence from British
WAS NOT A DEATH CAMP

26
Q

which political party criticised the camps?

A

the Liberals

27
Q

which politician defended the camps?

A

St John Broderick

28
Q

what created an international outcry about the camps?

A

Emily Hobhouse’s report on camp conditions

29
Q

when was Hobhouse’s report?

A

June 1901

30
Q

when was the Fawcett Commission?

A

August - December 1901

31
Q

who led the commission?

A

Millicent Fawcett
was an all-woman commission

32
Q

what did the commission do?

A

it conducted it’s own tour of the camps
backed up Hobhouses’ report

33
Q

what did the commission reccomend?

A
  • the need for more rations
  • more nurses
34
Q

who took over control of the camps?

A

civil authorities

35
Q

what was the death rate by early 1902?

A

dropped to 2%

36
Q

what did Kitchener change in his concentration camp policy?

A

December 1901
he instructed all commanders to stop bringing women and children

37
Q

why had Kitchener’s change in policy handicapped the Boers?

A

they now had to look after their families

38
Q

why was the Boer War a ‘white man’s war’?

A

both the Boers and British were afraid to militarise the black people
the Zulu war was still fresh in the minds of the British
HOWEVER they began to recruit more blacks as watchmen and auxilaries

39
Q

how many blacks served in the BA by 1902?

A

30,000 men

40
Q

what standw did the Black Africans have?

A

pro-British

41
Q

what were Kitchener’s tactics divided into?

A

containment
harrassment

42
Q

which treaty ended the Second Boer War?

A

Treaty of Vereeniging

43
Q

when was the Treaty of Vereenging signed?

A

31 May 1902

44
Q

what was the outcome of the Treaty of Vereenging?

A
  • Boer commanders pledged allegiance to Britain
  • reaffirmed the annexation of the 2 republica
45
Q

how was Britain generous in the Treaty of Vereenging?

A
  • they gave £3 million to the Boers for reconstruction
  • Britain agreed to allow for self governance at a later time
46
Q

who led the reconstruction of SA after the war?

A

Milner

47
Q

was Milner successful in removing Boer influence?

A

NO
Britain still could not gain superiority in SA

48
Q

when did Britain return self governance to Transvaal and OFS?

A

1906

49
Q

when was the Union of South Africa formed?

A

1910

50
Q

how many British died in the Second Boer War?

A

22,000

51
Q

how many Brits actually died in battle in SA?

A

7800
rest were due to disease

52
Q

how many colonial British troops were needed in the Second Boer War?

A

450,000

53
Q

how much did the Second Boer War cost the British taxpayer?

A

£217 million

British Experience of Warfare (27 decks)

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