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British Experience of Warfare > Boer War- Black Week and response > Flashcards

Boer War- Black Week and response Flashcards

1
Q

what towns were sieged by the Boers at the start of the war?

A

Ladysmith
Kimberley
Mafeking

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2
Q

when was Ladysmith besieged?

A

November 1899

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3
Q

how many Boers besieged Ladysmith?

A

35,000 under the command of General Piet Joubert

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4
Q

who was in command of British troops in Ladysmith?

A

Sir George White

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5
Q

what had George White done to defend against the Boers?

A

he had set up a defensive perimeter made up of gun positions, guard posts and trenches

FIRST LINE OF DEFENCE

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6
Q

what mistake had White made when setting up the defences?

A

he had left much of the defences to junior officers

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7
Q

what artillery did the Boers use to siege Ladysmith?

A

French siege guns

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8
Q

when was the Boer’s only attempt at assaulting Ladysmith?

A

6 January 1900

the British forces held them back

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9
Q

who led the British response to the sieges?

A

Sir Redvers Buller

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10
Q

when was Black Week?

A

10-17 December 1899

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11
Q

what were the defeats suffered by the British during Black Week?

A

Stomberg and Magersfontein
Colenso
Spion Kop (january)

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12
Q

what was Buller’s plan?

A

to advance along the railways and attack Boer strongholds

he split his force into three groups:
- Gatacre
- Methuen
- Buller

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13
Q

Gatacre

A

was to lead 3000 men to recapture Stormberg

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14
Q

Methuen

A

was to lead 10000 men to relieve Mafeking and Kimberley

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15
Q

Buller

A

was to lead 20,000 troops to relieve Ladysmith

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16
Q

when was Gatacre’s attack on Stormberg?

A

10 December 1899

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17
Q

result of Gatacre’s attack

A

massive failure

British infantry was exposed to Boer rifle fire
AND
their own artillery fire

culminated in British retreat from Stormberg

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18
Q

how many British taken prisoner by the Boers at Stormberg?

A

500

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19
Q

who blocked Methuen’s advance towards Kimberley and Mafeking?

A

the Boers led by de la Rey

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20
Q

where were de la Rey’s men positioned to ambush Methuen’s troops?

A

on the lower slopes of the hill Magersfontein

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21
Q

when was the Battle of Magersfontein?

A

11 December 1899

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22
Q

what tactics had the Boers used at the Battle of Magersfontein?

A

placed wire and tin cans to give warnings to hiding Boer troops that British troops were passing

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23
Q

what were the British failures at the Battle of Magersfontein?

A

they had failed to scout ahead so were unaware of potential threats

their own guns fired upon them

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24
Q

result of the Battle of Magersfontein

A

Boer victory

Methuen withdraw, which meant that Kimberley and Mafeking remained besieged

200 British men died

25
Q

what was Buller’s repsonse to the failures of Methuen and Gatacre?

A

he launched his own attack to reach Ladysmith

26
Q

when did Buller launch his advance towards Ladysmith?

A

15 December 1899

27
Q

who intercepted Buller’s force and where?

A

the Boers led by Louis Botha

had ambushed the British at the Tugela river

28
Q

what tactics did the Boers use at the Battle of Colenso?

A

they had dug trenches along the river which were hidden from the British

29
Q

what were the British failures at the Battle of Colenso?

A

were poorly guided
no recon to spot Boer positions
no knowledge about local geography

led to troops being sent across the river in the wrong places, straight into the Boer positions

30
Q

result of the Battle of Colenso

A

Boer victory

Bullers retreated

31
Q

how many British died at Colenso?

A

143

32
Q

how many Boers died at Colenso?

A

8

33
Q

how many British captured at Colenso?

A

220

34
Q

what had Bullers told White to do after the defeat at Colenso?

A

to surrender

35
Q

what was White’s response to Buller’s order?

A

he rejected it

‘I hold Ladysmith for my Queen’

36
Q

what does Buller’s message show about his attitude?

A

he was a defeatist
poor military commander

37
Q

when was the Battle of Spion Kop?

A

23 January 1900

38
Q

who led the British at Spion Kop?

A

Buller

39
Q

what were the British failures at Spion Kop?

A

for communication and intel informed British troops to take the wrong hill

led to the Boers holding the higher ground and defeating the British from above

40
Q

how many British died at Spion Kop?

A

243

41
Q

when did Lord Roberts arrive in SA?

A

January 1900

42
Q

who was Lord Roberts 2ic?

A

Kitchener

43
Q

when did Buller attempt to cross the Tugela River for the final time?

A

14 February 1900

44
Q

what tactics did Buller use to successfully cross the Tugela River to get to Ladysmith?

A

he used pontoon bridges and artillery bombardment

45
Q

when did the British relieve Ladysmith?

A

28 February 1900

46
Q

how many Boers were besieging Kimberley?

A

7500

47
Q

when did Roberts set out to relieve Kimberley?

A

10 February 1900

48
Q

how many men did Roberts take with him to relieve Kimberley?

A

40,000

49
Q

when was Kimberley relieved?

A

15 February 1900

by Sir John French’s cavalry

50
Q

who was in charge of the garrison at Mafeking?

A

Colonel Robert Baden-Powell

51
Q

how many men was Baden-Powell in charge of?

A

1200

52
Q

how many Boers did Baden-Powell defend Mafeking against?

A

7000

53
Q

what tactics did Baden-Powell use to defend against the Boers?

A

fake landmines
dummy guns
use of local population
use of armoured trains to attack Boer camps

54
Q

how many Africans did Baden-Powell arm?

A

300

55
Q

how did Baden-Powell use local teenage boys?

A

as messengers

56
Q

when did the Boers try to take Mafeking?

A

12 May 1900
but defeated by Baden-Powell’s garrison

57
Q

when was Mafeking relieved?

A

17 May 1900

58
Q

why can the sieges be seen as a positive?

A

they prevented the Boers from carrying out conventional tactics

the static sieges meant the Boer tactics of ambushing and dissapearing was not possible

59
Q

by February 1900 how many British troops in SA?

A

180,000

British Experience of Warfare (27 decks)

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