wrist and hand bones, joints movements

Question 1

distal radius and ulna bony points

Answer 1

radial/ ulnar styloid process, dorsal tubercle of radius (listers tubercle), head of ulna, triangular fibrocartilage complex (forms important aspect of ulna side of radial), distal radius and ulna head- form concave facing distally articulation

Question 2

carpus proximal row- lateral to medial

Answer 2

scaphoid, lunate, triquesteral, pisiform

Question 3

carpus distal row- lateral to mediall

Answer 3

trapezium, trapezoid, capitae, hamate

Question 4

scaphoid

Answer 4

palpable scaphoid tubercle- responsable for blood supply

avascular necrosis is a common problem post fracture

Question 5

lunate

Answer 5

articulates with the scaphoid and triquetral in the proximal carpal row

Question 6

triquestral and pisiform

Answer 6

palpable- medial aspect proximal carpal row

pisiform is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of flexor capri ulnas lying on palmer surface of triquestral

Question 7

trapezium

Answer 7

palpable tubercle, forms the first capometatarsla joint with the base of the first metacarpal
important for mobility of thumb

Question 8

trapezoid and capitate

Answer 8

trapezoid- base of index finger metacarpal

capitae- largest of the carpal bones, articulates distally with the base of MC3 (middle finger)

Question 9

hamate

Answer 9

large hook palpable in the muscles of the medial side of the proximal palm (the hypothenar eminence) - hook of hamate
articulates distally with the base of MC’s 4 and 5 (ring and little)

Question 10

joints of the wrist region

Answer 10

the radiocapral joint (wrist joint), the carpal joint- mid carpal an inter carpal joint, CMC- synovial saddle, MCP, PIP, DID - synovial plane joint

Question 11

the radiocarapal joint type and movements and closed packed

Answer 11

synovial ellipsoid joint- flex/ ext, abd/add

close pack- full extension and radial deviation

Question 12

articular surfaces of radoiocarpal joint

Answer 12

distal radius (concave), triangular fibrocartilaginous disc, scaphoid, lunate, triquetral (concave)

Question 13

range of motion in radoiocarpal joint

Answer 13

flexion and extension- 85°

ulna (45°)/ radial deviation (15°)

Question 14

radoiocarpal joint- radial collateral ligament

Answer 14

from radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium, prevents unwanted ulna deviation

Question 15

radoiocarpal joint- ulna collateral ligaments

Answer 15

runs from ulna to the triquetrum and pisiform, prevents excessive radial deviation

Question 16

radoiocarpal joint- dorsal and palmer ligament

Answer 16

dorsal- from dorsal aspect of distal radius to carpal bones)

palmer- from palmer surface of distal radius to carpal bone

Question 17

midcarpal joint type and articulation

Answer 17

synovial complex saddle, between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

Question 18

ligaments and movements mid tarsal joint

Answer 18

inter carpal palmer/ dorsal ligament
collateral ligament
flexion (60%) and extension (40%), abd/ add

Question 19

why is the wrist joint stable

Answer 19

the many tendons crossing the joints, ligaments- ant, post, med, lat
tendons bound by exterior and flexor retinaculum
radialcarpal and inter carpal ligaments

Question 20

flexor retinaculum

Answer 20

considered by some as accessory ligament, attaches to pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, trapezium, forms roof of carpal tunnel

Question 21

accessory movements- radiocarpal

Answer 21

AP, PA, ulna glide, radial glide, longitudinal caudad

Question 22

accessory movements- mid carpal

Answer 22

AP, PA, ulna/radial glide, longitudinal caudad

Question 23

carpometacarpal joint

Answer 23

between carpal bones to bases

Question 24

first carpometacarpal joint- type, ligaments and movements

Answer 24

synovial saddle joint

movements occur at 90° to palmer plane- flex/ext, abd/add, opposition , radial CMC

Question 25

first carpometacarpal joint- articular surfaces

Answer 25

trapezium (concave in one direction and convex in the other) and base of the 1st metacarpal (concave in one direction and convex in the other)

Question 26

carpometacarpal joints- 2,5

Answer 26

inter-metacarpal joints- synovial plane

Question 27

active movements of thumb- flexion and extension

Answer 27

flexion- across the wrist, extensorn- is the opposite (coronal plane and sagittal axis)- 40-50°

Question 28

active movements of thumb- abduction and adduction

Answer 28

sagittal plane and coronal axis- 80°

Question 29

active movements of thumb- opposition

Answer 29

moving from thumb to tip go fingers (combines flexion and abduction)

Question 30

intercarpal joint and ligaments

Answer 30

synovial plane joints- small gliding movements, between individual carpal bones
ligaments- dorsal and palmer intecarpal, and interosseous

Question 31

bones of the hand

Answer 31

metacarpal 1-5- 1 articulates with trapezium, 2- trapezoid, 3- capitae, 4 +5- hamate, distal head and proximal tase
phalanges (14)- distal head and proximal base
all long bones

Question 32

phalanges

Answer 32

5 digits- thumb and 4 fingers
numbered 1-5 lateral to medial
each finger has 3 phalanges- proximal, middle, distal
thumb has 2

Question 33

phalanges articulations

Answer 33

proximal with metacarpal and adjacent phalanx
middle with phalanx above and below
distal and adjacent phalanx

Question 34

metacarpal phalangeal joint

Answer 34

synovial ellipsoid, articular surfaces- rounded metacarpal head with base of phalanx
movement- flex/ext and abd/add

Question 35

metacarpal phalangeal joint- ligaments

Answer 35

palmer, collateral, transverse metacarpal, deep transverse

Question 36

inter phalangeal joints and ligaments

Answer 36

synovial hinge joints, proximal and distal, ligaments- collateral and palmer
movements- flexion and extension

Question 37

functions of hand

Answer 37

communication, manipulation, sensation, protection, stability