shoulder girdle muscle and movements

Question 1

muscles involved in movements of shoulder girdle- elevation

Answer 1

upper fibres of trapezius, levator scapulae, 10cms upwards

Question 2

muscles involved in movements of shoulder girdle- depression

Answer 2

gravity, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Question 3

muscles involved in movements of shoulder girdle- protraction

Answer 3

serratus anterior, pectoralis minor, 5cm anterior movement

Question 4

muscles involved in movements of shoulder girdle- retraction

Answer 4

rhomboid major and minor, middle trapezius, 2cms normal posture

Question 5

muscles involved in movements of shoulder girdle- lateral rotation (arm above head)

Answer 5

upper and lower fibres of trapezius, serratus anterior

Question 6

muscles involved in movements of shoulder girdle- medial rotation (arm back to side)

Answer 6

the rhomboids, pectoralis minor and levator scapulae

Question 7

what is the subclavius

Answer 7

steadies clavicle, it depresses the lateral end to draw the shoulder inferiorly and anteriorly, it is the fixator of the clavicle- to allow larger muscles to have action

Question 8

pectoralis minor origin and insertion

Answer 8

from ribs 3,4,5 and their costal cartilage

insertion- coracoid process of the scapula

Question 9

pectoralis minor NS and action

Answer 9

NS- Mid pectoral nerve C8, action- protracts and medially rotates the scapula

Question 10

pectoralis minor- respiratory muscle

Answer 10

accessory muscle of respiration- forced inspiration- case for any muscle with attachments to thorax

Question 11

serratus anterior origin and insertion

Answer 11

origin- outer surface 8-9 ribs, finger like projections on ribs
insertion- to costal surface of medial border of scapula

Question 12

serratus anterior NS and action

Answer 12

NS- long thoracic nerve C5-C7, action- protraction of shoulder girdle and lateral rotation of scapula- inferior fibres

Question 13

trapezius origins

Answer 13

superior nuchal line and external occipital (upper fibres), ligamentum nuchae spinous processes of C7-C8(middle), supraspinous ligament (lower)

Question 14

trapezius insertion and NS

Answer 14

clavicle lat 1/3 (upper), acromion and spine of scapula (middle), medial end of scapular spine (lower)
NS motor accessory (XI cranial) nerve sensory C3,C4

Question 15

Trapezius action- upper fibres

Answer 15

elevation of the shoulder girdle, lateral (side) flexion at neck- ipsilateral (side flexes to own side), scapula lateral rotation, cervical spine extension, both sets of upper fibres- extension of neck

Question 16

Trapezius action- middle fibres

Answer 16

retraction of the shoulder girdle, scapula medial rotation

Question 17

Trapezius action- lower fibres

Answer 17

depression of the scapula against resistance, scapula lateral rotation

Question 18

Trapezius action- upper and lower

Answer 18

lateral rotation of the scapula to increase ROM of upper limb

Question 19

functional activities of trapezius- steadies scapula and clavicle upper)

Answer 19

against gravity or when weights are carried in hand, vacuuming, dusting

Question 20

functional activities of trapezius- provides fixation

Answer 20

controls head position, leaning forward as in writing

Question 21

functional activities of trapezius- produces lateral rotation of scapula (upper and lower)

Answer 21

brushing hair, placing object on shelf

Question 22

functional activities of trapezius- produces retraction of scapula (middle)

Answer 22

putting on coat/ opening doors, produces good shoulder girdle posture

Question 23

functional activities of trapezius- produces depression of scapula against resistance (lower)

Answer 23

pushing up with hands on chair to stand from sitting

Question 24

levator scapulae origin and insertion

Answer 24

origin- transverse processes of C1,2,3,4

To- superior portion of medial border of scapula

Question 25

levator scapulae- NS and action

Answer 25

dorsal scapular nerve C4-5

Action- elevation and medial rotation of scapula

Question 26

rhomboids minor origin and insertion

Answer 26

C7 and T1 spinous process and supraspinous ligament to medial border of scapula spine

Question 27

rhomboids major (below minor) origin and insertion

Answer 27

from T2-5 spinous processes and supraspinous ligament to medial border, inferior to scapular spine

Question 28

NS and action of rhomboids

Answer 28

NS dorsal scapular nerve C4-5, action retraction and medial rotation of scapula

Question 29

importance of shoulder girdle- range of activity

Answer 29

increase range of activity of upper limb by- changed position of the glenoid fossa, relative to chest wall, clavicle holds shoulder away from chest, increase opportunity to ROM at upper limb by changing position of glenoid

Question 30

importance of shoulder girdle- tension

Answer 30

clavicle absorbs tension and compression stresses by: transmission of forces from upper limb to trunk

Question 31

common pathology

Answer 31

acromioclavicular sprain and displacement, if clavicle is put under strain it is likely to fracture