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Appendicular anatomy > The foot and ankle region > Flashcards

The foot and ankle region Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the ankle joint

A

gives a stable base of support, provides a rigid level for push off, absorbs shock of body weight, conforms the foot to irregular terrain, important role in sensation/ proprioception/ balance, allows adjustment of line of gravity in standing, provides propulsion and restraint walking

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2
Q

bones of lower leg

A

tibia- condyles and tuberosity, fibula

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3
Q

distal tibia and fibula

A

fibula notch- inferior aspect of tibia that articulates with fibula, medial and lateral malleolus

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4
Q

Framework of lower leg- tibia

A

the weight bearing bone of the lower leg, larger of 2 bones, proximally forms knee joint, distally forms the ankle joint

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5
Q

Framework of lower leg- fibula

A

on the lateral side of the leg, smaller of the 2 bones, proximally articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia (superior tibiofibular joint), distally articulates with the tibia (inferior tibiofibular joint) and the talus (ankle joint)

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6
Q

distal tibia

A

the distal end of the tibia is shaped like a rectangular box with the bony protuberance the medial malleolus

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7
Q

what does the inferior tibia articulates with

A

the inferior surface of the tibia articulates with the talus to form part of the ankle joint, the inferior surface continues medially as the malleolar articular surface, on its lateral surface is a deep groove where it articulates with the fibula

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8
Q

distal fibula

A

the bony protuberance on the lateral side forms the lateral malleolus, the fibula notch is at the distal end of the tibia, the distal fibula is convex it is received to the tibia in a concave facet on the tibia (fibula notch), this is syndesmosis

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9
Q

articulations at the distal fibula

A

the medial surface of the lateral malleolus bears a facet for articulation with the talus, distal tibia and fibula articulate with the talus of the foot and ankle joint

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10
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint- classification and articular surface

A

synovial plane joint,

articular surface- head of fibula, tibial lateral condyle, capsule attached around the joint margin

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11
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint- ligaments and movements

A

ligaments- anterior and posterior ligaments of fibula head

movements- small rotational movements during ankle DF/PF (gliding)

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12
Q

what is the interosseous membrane

A

a tough, fibrous sheet of connective tissue, it span the distance between the borders of the tibia and fibula, most fibres decent obliquely from tibia to fibula

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13
Q

role of interosseous membrane

A

provides attachment for muscles, separates anterior and posterior compartments

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14
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint- surfaces

A

medial aspect of fibula and fibula notch on lateral aspect of tibia,

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15
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint- classification and ligaments

A

it is a fibrous syndesmosis, Anterior inferior, posterior inferior and transverse tibiofibular ligaments

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16
Q

movements of inferior T-F joint

A

slight rotation of the fibula on the tibia during ankle dorsiflexion,

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17
Q

maisonneuve fracture

A

ankle fracture involving excessive rotatory stresses rupture the interosseous ligament and membrane (maisonneuve fracture)

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18
Q

bones of the foot

A

tarsal bones, metatarsals (5), phalanges (14)

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19
Q

tarsal bones

A

talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiform (medial, lateral, intermediate)

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20
Q

the talus

A

situated above the calcaneus, head and neck directed forwards and medially, body is wedged shape- lines between malleoli, superior surface of the body is wide anteriorly, creating the stable locking mechanisms in dorsiflexion

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21
Q

3 articular facets of talus

A

the body of the talus has 3 articular facets which articulate with the tibia and malleoli (superior facet- trochlea, medial facet, lateral facet)

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22
Q

shape of the talus

A

it is convex from anterior to posterior and concave from side to side (pulley shape). its wedge shape prevents posterior displacement of the foot (of the talus in the mortise) during sudden jumps and stops

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23
Q

ankle joint talocrural joint- classification and articular surfaces

A

a synovial hinge joints, 3 surfaces- distal fibula projects more distally than the malleolus, the distal aspect of tibia, medial articulation with the medial malleolus, and the talus

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24
Q

ankle joint talocrural joint- joint structures

A

a mortise and tenon type of joint, covered in hyaline cartilage, enclosed by joint capsule, lined with synovial membrane

25
Q

ankle joint talocrural joint- position

A

between the distal end of the tibia and fibula, and the talus of the foot

26
Q

ankle joint talocrural joint- movements

A

PF and DF

27
Q

6 surfaces of the calcaneus (superior aspect)

A

anterior, posterior- gastrocnemius and soleus attach via achilles tendon to middle facet , inferior, lateral, medial (has a bony shelf called sustentaculum tali), superior

28
Q

articular of talus

A

3 articular on inferior surface of talus- receiving facets on superior facing of calcaneus

29
Q

the calcaneus medial aspect

A

largest of the tarsal bones, sustentaculum tali- medial shelf to support medial head of talus, posterior surface roughened for attachment of tendocalceneus

30
Q

subtalar joint line medial

A

sustentaculum tali- medial aspect occupied by, this is where the medial line is

31
Q

subtalar joint line lateral

A

deep to lateral malleolus and distal fibula, lateral articular surface of talus to the calcaneus, in line with distal tib of fibula

32
Q

subtalar joint- position

A

distal to the ankle joint, where talus articulates with the calcaneus

33
Q

subtalar joint- movements

A

inversion and eversion (add and abduction)

34
Q

subtalar joint- classification

A

a plane (modified saddle) synovial joint

35
Q

subtalar joint- joint structures

A

surrounded by a weak articular capsule, capsule supported medially, laterally and posteriorly to talocalcaneal ligaments, joint stabilised by interosseous tolocanal

36
Q

navicular

A

anterior to head of talus and medial malleolus, prominent medial tuberosity, concave posterior surface articulates with head of talus

37
Q

articular facets of navicular

A

3 articular facets for articulation with the 3 cuneiform, concave facet for articulation with the convex talus

38
Q

Cuboid articulations- posterior

A

with calcaneus, calcaneocuboid joint

39
Q

Cuboid articulations- medial

A

with lateral cuneiform, cuneocuboid joint

40
Q

Cuboid articulations- anterior

A

4th and 5th metatarsal, tarsometatarsal joint

41
Q

midtarsal joint- classification

A

synovial ball and socket joint, S shaped joint

42
Q

midtarsal joint- medial and lateral

A

talocalcaneonavicular (medial aspect) and calcaneocuboid (lateral aspect), (compound joint )

43
Q

midtarsal joint- movements

A

combines with the subtalar joint eversion and inversion to produce pronation- abduction (up and out) and supination (down and in)-adduction

44
Q

midtarsal joint- shape

A

convex anteriorly, double back in itself, becomes concave facing anteriorly joint between calcaneus and cuboid

45
Q

bones of the tarsus cuneiforms- articulations

A

articular with navicular, articulate with each other (neighbors)

46
Q

bones of the tarsus cuneiforms- articulations

A

medial- articulates with MT1, intermediate- articulates with MT 2, lateral- articulates with MT 2, adn with cuboid

47
Q

bones of the tarsus cuneiforms- classification

A

all joints are synovial plane joints

48
Q

cuneo- navicular joints

A

synovial plane joint- gliding and sliding, bonded together by tight fibrous capsule and ligaments

49
Q

inter-cuneiform and calcaneocuboid joints

A

synovial plane joints

50
Q

metatarsals

A

1-5, 5 long bones, tuberosity on the base of the 5th MT

51
Q

Metatarsals- 1-3

A

bases MT’s 1,2 and 3 articulates with the 3 cuneiforms

52
Q

Metatarsals 4-5

A

bases articulate with the cuboid

53
Q

what do MT’s articulate with

A

with each other at plane synovial joint

54
Q

first mt

A

2 sesamoid bones embedded within tendon of: flexor hallucis brevis (flex greater toe), this is in the first MT

55
Q

Phalanges

A

long bones, greater roe has proximal and distal phalanges, they have head, neck, shafts and bases.
Lateral 4 toes- proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

56
Q

tarsometatarsal joint

A

a synovial plain joint

57
Q

metatarsal phalangeal joint

A

a synovial ellipsoid

58
Q

proximal and distal interphalangeal joint

A

synovial hinge joint- flexion / extension, great toe only has one interphalangeal joint, supported by collateral ligaments on either side of the joint

Appendicular anatomy (20 decks)

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