Nerve and arterial supply of upper limb

Question 1

Anterior/ ventral root

Answer 1

anterior horn cells concerned with motor function

Question 2

dorsal root

Answer 2

cells in ganglia concentrate on cutaneous supply. it carries sensory information to the spinal cord. Dorsal root ganglia contain the sensory cell bodies

Question 3

dorsal and ventral rami

Answer 3

dorsi- innervates intrinsic back muscles and skin over the back
ventral- innervates most of the skeletal muscles and skin

Question 4

brachial plexus

Answer 4

situated partly in the neck and partly in the axilla. gives rise to all the nerves that innervate the upper limb
input arises from C5-C8 and T1

Question 5

formation of brachial plexus- medial to lateral

Answer 5

roots- exiting spinal nerve routes from C5-C8- shares info,
trunks- superior, middle, and inferior- peripheral nerves enter at this level
divisions- merging of neural information
cords- exchange of information processing this- gives of some peripheral nerves goes to branches
terminal branches- form key nerves

Question 6

relationships- roots and trunks

Answer 6

roots- tucked under sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles

trunks- superior, middle, inferior trunks hidden by scalene muscles and proximal clavicle

Question 7

relationships- divisions and cords

Answer 7

divisions- posterior to clavicle,

cords- axillary artery and hidden under pectorals major

Question 8

thoracic outlet

Answer 8

is the space between the rib cage and the clavicle, can lead to thoracic outlet syndrome- neuromuscular bundle are compressed leading to neurological disfunction and circulation issues

Question 9

branches of brachial plexus

Answer 9

phrenic nerve C3-5- diaphragm
long thoracic nerve C5-7- serratus anterior, and winged scapula
dorsal scapula nerve C5- supraspinatus and infraspinatus

Question 10

lateral cord of brachial plexus

Answer 10

material included from C5,6,7
supplies- lateral aspect of median nerve
lateral pectoral nerve C5-7- pectorallis major
musculocutaneous nerve C5-7- biceps, brachialis, coracobrachiallis (BBC)

Question 11

musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 11

input from C5-7, goes through coracobrachiallis and gives branches to biceps and brachialis
sensory innervations to lateral aspect of forearm

Question 12

medial cord

Answer 12

medial root of median nerve

supplies ulna nerve C8-T1

Question 13

innervations of medial cord

Answer 13

medial pectoral nerve C8-T1- pectorals major and minor

medial cutaneous nerve of arm (C8-T1)- medial and posterior aspect of forearm

Question 14

median nerve route

Answer 14

C5-T1, exit brachial plexus via thoracic outlet, goes through axilla, descends the forearm anterior to humerus and crosses the elbow joint in cubital fossa, enters forearm through 2 heads of pronator teres, descends through carpal tunnel, goes into hand and supples thenar eminence and 3.5 digits

Question 15

what does the median nerve divide into and what does it innervate (4)

Answer 15

divides in cubital fossa and gives of a branch called anterior interosseous nerve- FDP (2 radial fingers), flexor policies quadratus, pronator quadratus, FPL

Question 16

what does the median nerve supply (9)

Answer 16

pronator teres, FCR, palmaris longus, FDS

in hand: abductor pollicis brevis, FPB, oppenes pollicis, 1st and 2nd lumbrical

Question 17

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 17

if nerve is compressed it won’t conduct motor impulses, and won’t receive sensory information like it should
leads to weakness of fingers- loss of proprioception and P + N

Question 18

ulna nerve route

Answer 18

C7-T1, exits brachial plexus via thoracic outlet, into axilla and medial aspect of forearm, and goes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus, between 2 head of FCU, crosses the wrist joint superior to flexor retinaculum, supplies all the hypothenar eminence, all of the palmer and dorsal interossei, wraps around head of hamate

Question 19

what does the ulna nerve supply (8)

Answer 19

FCU, FDP (Ulna 2 fingers), abductor/ opponens/ flexie digit minimi, abducor pollicis, half of FPB, 1st dorsal interossei, 1st palmer interosseoi, 3rd lumbrical

Question 20

posterior cord of brachial plexus

Answer 20

forms radial nerve, gives off thoracodorsal nerve- latissimus dorsi, axillary nerve (C5-6)- deltoid and teres minor

Question 21

axillary nerve

Answer 21

runs posterior to surgical neck- vulnerable in shoulder dislocation, innervates deltoid, teres minor, skin and joint capsule of shoulder

Question 22

radial nerve route

Answer 22

exits brachial plexus via thoracic outlet, passes through the axilla, goes posterior to mid shaft of humerus, in the spiral groove, wraps around and becomes anterior to lateral condyle of humerus, through cubital fossa and divides into posterior interosseous nerve, goes through 2 heads of supinator

Question 23

what does the radial nerve supply (4)

Answer 23

C5-T1, 3 heads of triceps, anconeus, extensor brachioradialis, EXRL

Question 24

what does the radial artery split into and what does it supply (9)

Answer 24

the posterior interrousseous nerve, ECRB, supinator, ECU, ED, EDM, Abductor pollicis longus, EPL, EPB, extensor indices

Question 25

dermatomes

Answer 25

the area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve, each spinal level is associated with an area of skin

Question 26

sensory supply of hand

Answer 26

posterior view- thumb side (including 1st MC)- radial nerve, 5 MC side ulna nerve (including 5 MC),MC 2,3,4, median nerve
anterior view- medial side- digits 5 and 4= ulnar nerve, lateral side- median nerve- digits 1,2,3

Question 27

where does the arterial supply of upper limb come from

Answer 27

from the arch of the aorta

Question 28

arterial supply of upper limb

Answer 28

subclavian artery (under clavicle), axillary artery, brachial artery- radial artery + ulna artery, deep and superficial palmer arch

Question 29

where does the brachial artery split

Answer 29

into cubital fossa- radial and ulna artery

Question 30

what is the deep and superficial palmer arch

Answer 30

joining of radial and ulna artery- gives off each digital artery to supply digit