The hip and pelvis Flashcards
What does the pelvis consist off
the hip bone ( hemi pelvis either side of the sacrum), sacrum- centrally placed, coccyx- distal bone
What 3 bones form the hip bone
the ilium, the ischium and the pubis. These bones meet and fuse in the centre of the asatablum
The hip bones- iliac crest
runs all the way from the anterior to posterior, this finishes in 2 points, the anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, and the posterior superior iliac spine and the posterior inferior iliac spine
The hip bones- pubis
has a superior pubic rami and an inferior pubic rami, this fuses with ischium rami
structure of the sacrum
a dense block of 5 rudimentary vertebra which are fused together (no movement between vertebra), it has a medial and sacral crest that acts as processes, the top area is called the sacral promontory, concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly
Sacrum- joint and foramen
sacral iliac joint on the sacral side, it has a foramen that travels all the way through- spinal nerve routes emerge from the sacral foramen
Structure of the coccyx
3-4 rudimental vertebra these articulate at the sacral articular junction- little bit of movement but often lost at old age
Anterior palpable structures
iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, inguinal ligament- not a true ligament as it doesn’t cover muscle- it goes from ASIS to pubic tubercle, pubic symphysis and pubic tubercle
Posterior palpable structures
posterior superior iliac spine and inferior, sacrum, sacral spinal proceses, coccyx, ischial tuberosity- origin for hamstrings and extensor aspect of adductor magnus
Proximal femur- anterior
femoral head, femoral neck- after articular cartilage, greater trochanter- laterally facing, intertrochanteric line- this is were the hip ligaments attach too, lesser trochanter
Proximal femur- posterior
pectineal line, gluteal tuberosity, intertrochanteric crest- between greater and lesser trochanter, linea aspera
what is the linea aspera
off the gluteal tuberosity (where gluteus maximus inserts), this develops a posterior line and a pectineal line, these bond together to form the linear aspera. it distally divides into a medial and lateral supracondylar ridges, ridge mark attachments of powerful thigh muscles
femoral neck inclinations
Normal- 125°, coxa valga is were the inclination is more than 130°, coxa vera is a deformity where the angle is lessened, effecting the biomechanics of the hip (<120°)
Femoral torsion
Normal degree of femoral torsion 12-15°, retroversion this is were the angle is less than 15°, anteversion is were the angle is greater than 15°
what are anteverted hips
the femoral torsion angle is bigger than 15° (35°) this leads to the hip correcting itself by moving the toes inwards, this is an intoing gate, the patella is inwards and the food is medially rotated (inwards)
effect of anteverted hips
detrimental effect on lower limb biomechanics, internal tibial torsion
femoral head blood supply
ligamentum teres- artery within it, artery of the ligaments of the head of the femur
medial and lateral circumflex arteries
nutrient arteries within the femoral shaft
classification of the hip joint
synovial, polyaxial ball and socket joint with 3 degrees of movement
the hip joint surfaces- acetabulum
lunate surface of hyaline cartilage- horseshoe shaped, thickest above centrally, for weight bearing, non articular region of acetabular fossa and notch is covered with fat
the hip joint surfaces- acetabular labrum
fibro cartilaginous rim, triangular in cross section, labreal tear- clicking and catching of joint
head of femur
spheroid in shape, covered wit hyaline cartilage, thicker centrally than at the periphery- greater wear and tear, cartilage is deficient over the fovea, as soon as the articular cartilage is finished, then into the neck which is vulnerable to fracture
