Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Appendicular anatomy > knee region muscle and movement > Flashcards

knee region muscle and movement Flashcards

1
Q

what movement is your leg in if it is locked

A

in standard knee extension- the knee joint is locked in closed pack position, joint surfaces more congruent, femoral medial rotation or tibial lateral rotation anf extension tightens ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where is the centre of gravity when the knee is locked

A

COG anterior to knee joint maintaining extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does the popliteus initiate unlocking mechanisms

A

by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what position are ligamnets and posterior capsule in when the knee is locked

A

ligaments and posterior capsule are at their most taught- so you can rest in a very energy efficient form with the knee in closed pack position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

knee locking mechanisms- closed kinetic chain- from sitting to standing

A

femoral condyles roll anteriorly over tibial condyles, femoral condyles glide posteriorly over tibial condyles (stops femoral condyles rolling off tibial condyles), shorter lateral femoral condyle movements stop first- shorter, femur medially rotates (spins) around fixed lateral condyle to complete the movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

knee (un) locking mechanisms

A

unlocking knee joint into open packed position (flexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

knee (un) locking mechanisms closed pack mechanisms- closed kinetic chain

A

femur rotates (spins) laterally on the tibia, femoral condyles roll posteriorly on the tibial condyles (relatively fixed), femoral condyles glide anteriorly on the tibial condyles (this stops femoral condyles from rolling off the tibial condyles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Knee extensors rectus femoris- origins and insertions

A

origins- 2 heads (bipennate)- straight head- AIIS, reflected head- rough area of ilium superior to acetabulum
insertions- 2 heads join quadriceps femoris tendon which inserts into the base of the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Knee extensors rectus femoris- action and nerve

A

action 2 joint muscle- extends knee and flexes hip, nerve supply- femoral nerve L2,3,4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Knee extensors vastus intermedius- origin and insertions

A

origin- femur- upper 2/3rds anterior and lateral surfaces, insertions- quadriceps tendon (deep part) and lateral border of patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Knee extensors vastus medialis- origin and insertion

A

origin- femur-medial part of the intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
insertions- quadriceps tendon and medial border of patella- wrap around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vastus medialis controversy- historically

A

VM historically thought to be the only muscle to produce the final 15 degrees of knee extension- therefore patients were given specific exercises to train VM muscle in that range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

VM controversy- modern evidence

A

evidence now suggests that VM is not specifically response for the final 15° of knee extension, VM acts throughout the range of knee extension with or without external resistance, VM medalists the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Knee extensors vastus lateralis- origin and insertion

A

origin- lateral part of the intertrochanteric line, lateral margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip linea aspera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vastus muscles- action and nerve supply

A

action- extends the knee, nerve supply- L2,3,4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Knee flexion bicep femoris- origin and insertion

A

origin- 2 heads long head- inferomedial part of upper area ischial tuberosity, short head- lateral lip of linea aspera (lateral supracondylar ridge)
insertion- head of fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Knee flexion bicep femoris- action and nerve

A

flexion and ER (lateral), nerve supply- sciatic nerve L5,S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Knee flexion semitendinosus- origin and insertion

A

origin- inferomedial part of the upper ischial tuberosity

insertion- medial surface proximal tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Knee flexion semitendinosus- action and nerve

A

flexion and MR, nerve supply- sciatic nerve L5-S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Knee flexion semimembranosus- origin and insertion

A

origin- superolateral impression ischial tuberosity

insertion- groove and adjacent bone medial and posterior surface medial tibial condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Knee flexion semimembranosus- action and nerve

A

flexion and MR and sciatic nerve L5-S2

22
Q

Hamstring action

A

all 3 extends the hip and flex at the knee, BF laterally rotates the hip and knee joint, ST and SM medially rotates the hip and knee joints
nerve supply- sciatic nerve L5-S2 (S3 long head)

23
Q

Knee flexion sartorius- origin and insertion

A

origin- ASIS, insertion- anterior surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity

24
Q

Knee flexion Sartorius- action and nerve

A

action- MR, flexion (asister), nerve L2,3

25
Q

Knee flexion gracilis- origin and insertion

A

origin- external surface body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ramus of ilium
insertion- medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia

26
Q

Knee flexion gracilis- action and nerve

A

action- assister in medial rotation and flexion at knee

nerve- L3,4

27
Q

Knee flexion gastrocnemius- origin and insertion

A

origin- 2 heads- medial and lateral heads from medial and lateral femoral condyles
insertions- achilles tendon into postero superior calcaneus (heel)

28
Q

Knee flexion gastrocnemius- action and nerve

A

flex at knee and ankle PF,

Nerve- tibial nerve- S1,2

29
Q

plantaris

A

NB evolutionary survivor, weak and sometimes not present

30
Q

Knee flexion plantaris- origin and insertion

A

origin- lateral supracondylar line above lateral head of gastrocnemius
insertion- medial border if TA and post surface of calcaneus

31
Q

Knee flexion plantaris- action and nerve

A

action- weak knee flexor and plantar flexor of foot

nerve- tibial nerve- S1,S2

32
Q

what is the popliteus

A

small fat, feep, posterior muscle, part of floor of popliteal fossa

33
Q

Knee flexion popliteus- origin and insertion

A

origin- lateral femoral condyle, insertion- proximal surface of posterior tibia

34
Q

Knee flexion popliteus- action and nerve

A

action- unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on fixed tibia, rotates knee medially, flexes knee
nerve supply- tibial nerve L5, S1, S2

35
Q

Knee flexion tensor fasciae latae- origins and insertions

A

origi- ASIS and outer iliac crest to iliac tubercle

insertion- anterior surface of tibia just inferolateral to tibial tuberosity

36
Q

Knee flexion tensor fasicae latae- action and nerve

A

stabilises knee laterally, nerve- superior gluteal nerve L5, S1

37
Q

Knee joint active range of motion- flexion and limited by

A

135°- limited by soft tissue apposition, patellar tendon, PCL

38
Q

Knee joint active range of motion- extension- limited by

A

0°, = or - 0-5° for hyperextension, limited by posterior capsule, ACL, MCL, LCL, oblique popliteal ligament, tension in antagonists

39
Q

Knee joint active range of motion- medial rotation

A

20-30° in flexed knee

40
Q

Knee joint active range of motion- lateral rotation

A

30-40° in flexed knee

41
Q

what limits rotation

A

both limited by tension in antagonists

42
Q

popliteal fossa borders- laterally

A

bicep femoris, lateral head of gastrocnemius

43
Q

popliteal fossa borders- medially

A

semimembranosis, semitendinosus, medial head of gastrocnemius

44
Q

popliteal fossa borders- floor

A

popliteal surface of femur

45
Q

popliteal fossa borders- roof

A

Fascia and skin

46
Q

contents of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery and vein, common peroneal and tibial nerve, lymph nodes and fat

47
Q

Knee flexors

A

bicep femoris, semimembranosis, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius

48
Q

knee extensors

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastas intermedius

49
Q

medial rotators of tibia on femur

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, popliteus

50
Q

lateral rotators of tibia on femur

A

bicep femoris

Appendicular anatomy (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions