Shoulder joint bones Flashcards

1
Q

bones and joints in the shoulder joint

A

scapula and humerus, glenohumeral joint

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2
Q

what is the humerus

A

a long bone, the largest in upper limb, proximal end, rounded- like a hemisphere
articulates with scapula
shaft of humerus
distal end- flattened, widened, tilted forward, 3 fossae, articulates with radius and ulna

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3
Q

proximal bony features of humerus

A

head, anatomical neck (articular surfaces meet non articular surface), greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)- allows passage of long head of biceps
surgical neck

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4
Q

what is the importance of the surgical neck

A

area of body if you fall on outstretched hand (FOOH)- injury or fracture to this area

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5
Q

midshaft bony points of humerus

A
deltoid tuberosity- insertion of deltoid muscles
spiral groove (radial)- inferior to deltoid tuberosity- indicates passage of radial nerve
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6
Q

distal bony points of humerus

A

medial and lateral supracondylar ridge, medial and lateral epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, radial fossa, olecranon fossa

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7
Q

articular surfaces for glenohumeral joint

A

covered in hyaline cartilage, humeral head larger than glenoid fossa, glenoid labrum, surrounded by joint capsule and nourished by synovial fluid

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8
Q

what does the glenoid labrum do

A

fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens glenoid fossa

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9
Q

joint line of glenohumeral joint

A

in line anteriorly with tip of coracoid process and inferior to acromion, in concave fossa

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10
Q

classification of the glenohumeral joint

A

a synovial, multiaxial ball and socket joint with 3 degrees of motion (flex, ext, adb,add, MR, LR, circumduction

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11
Q

glenohumeral joint capsule

A

loosely surrounded has an inferior fold, strengthened by ligaments and tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, strengthened by rotator cuff muscles- supported head of humerus in shallow
glenoid and limit movements

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12
Q

glenohumeral joint synovial membrane

A

lines capsule, communicating and 3 bursae, subacromial and subdeltoid and subcoracoid bursae- prevent friction

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13
Q

glenohumeral joint capsular ligaments

A

superior, middle, inferior, transverse glenohumeral

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14
Q

what does the transverse glenohumeral ligament do

A

holds bicep tendon as it travels and wraps around the supra glenal tubercle- has synovial sheath which it moves within to prevent friction between itself and floor of bicipital groove

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15
Q

glenohumeral joint accessory ligaments

A

coracoacromial and coracohumeral ligament (from coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus)

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16
Q

what causes shoulder instability

A

shall glenoid fossa, large head of humerus, loose articular capsule

17
Q

solutions to shoulder instability

A

glenoid labrum, ligaments, rotator cuff muscles

18
Q

how to the rotator cuff muscles support joint stability

A

tendons of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis- tendons of muscles join up (circumferential cuff)- has muscular element to it, meaning there is control in each of these elements as muscle is voluntary/ involuntary control to maintain control of head of humerus within shallow glenoid fossa

19
Q

common pathologies- dislocation

A

anterior (usually from a fall) and posterior dislocation (usually comes about due to electrocution), an anterior dislocation is where the head of humerus comes out of the glenoid and can put pressure on/damage axillary nerve

20
Q

common pathologies- fractured neck

A

fractured neck of humerus- through surgical neck- 1,2,3, part fractures

21
Q

common pathologies- frozen shoulder

A

adhesive capsulitis- capsule become less mobile- becomes stiff and unable to move in normal fluidity, this thickening effects capsule in its entirety- and have capsular pattern of reduced mobility

22
Q

frozen shoulder fazes

A

goes through several phases- can come on without environmental trigger or with environmental trigger

23
Q

glenohumeral joint accessory movements- AP

A

an anterior posterior movement is produced by leaning through your arm onto your thenar eminence

24
Q

glenohumeral joint accessory movements- PA

A

place your two thumb tips in contact with the posterior surface of the head of humerus, lift the head of humerus in a posteroanterior direction

25
Q

glenohumeral joint accessory movements- longitudinal

A

facing the head of the bed, movement is produced by pressure in a caudal direction against the models forearm, when the elbow is flexed to 90°

26
Q

glenohumeral joint accessory movements- lateral

A

one hand lateral at the elbow, one hand medially at the axilla, movement is produced by the medial hand pushing out against the inwardly stabilizing effect of the lateral hand