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Appendicular anatomy > Foot and ankle region- muscles and functions > Flashcards

Foot and ankle region- muscles and functions Flashcards

1
Q

4 fascial compartments

A

anterior compartment, lateral compartment, posterior compartment (deep and superficial), little information between them

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2
Q

Superior posterior compartment- muscles

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

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3
Q

Superior posterior compartment- link between muscles

A

all muscles insert into the calcaneus via the tendocalcaneus, all PF foot, all muscles are supplied by tibial nerve

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4
Q

Origin and insertion of gastrocnemius

A

Origin- Lat head- posterior head of the lateral femoral condyle, Med head- posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle
insertion- posterior surface of calcaneus via the tendocalcaneus

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5
Q

actions and nerve routes of gastrocnemius

A

powerful PF of foot, knee flexion

tibial nerve- S1, S2

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6
Q

Soleus origin and insertions

A

origin- soleal line posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula, incl head
insertion- fuses with tendon of gastrocnemius to form upper part of tendocalcaneus into post surface of calcaneus

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7
Q

Soleus action and nerve

A

insignificant PF of foot and weak knee flexor,

tibial nerve S1-S2

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8
Q

Deep posterior compartment- muscles

A

popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

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9
Q

Deep posterior compartment- link between muscles

A

all muscles are supplied by tibial nerve, all muscle except popliteus assist in PF

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10
Q

flexor digitorum muscle explained

A

flexor= flexion, digitorum= flexion of digits- toes, longus= outside of foot, brevis= short muscle intrinsic within the foot

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11
Q

popliteus muscle origin and insertion

A

origin- outer surface of lateral femoral condyle, below epicondyle
insertions- posterior surface of proximal tibia, above soleal line

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12
Q

popliteus muscle- action and nerve

A

action- inversion of foot, assists PF, assists in support of medial longitudinal arch
tibial nerve L4-L5

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13
Q

Tibialis posterior (Tom) origin and insertion (medial and lateral)

A

Origin- medial part- posterior surface of tibia and interosseous membrane, lateral part- proximal posterior surface of fibula,
insertion- tubercle on medial side of navicular and plantar surface of medial cuneiform, slips to plantar surfaces of all tarsal bones except talus

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14
Q

Tibialis posterior (Tom) action and nerve

A

action- inversion of foot, assists PF at ankle, assists in support of medial longitudinal arch
tibial nerve L4-5

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15
Q

Flexor digitorum longus (Dick) origin and insertion

A

origin- medial aspect, posterior surface of tibia

insertion- 4 tendons to plantar aspect of the base of distal phalanges

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16
Q

Flexor digitorum longus (Dick) action and nerve

A

flexion of toes 2-5 at DIP, PIP and MTP joint, assist in plantar flexion
tibial nerve- L5, S1-S2

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17
Q

Flexor hallucis longus (Harry) origin and insertions

A

origin- lower 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
insertion- plantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

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18
Q

Flexor hallucis longus (Harry)action and nerve

A

action assists in PF of the foot at ankle joint, flexion of all joints in the great toe
nerve- tibial nerve S1-S2

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19
Q

how do tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus relate to each other

A

they join in the tarsal tunnel in that order (Tom, Dick, Harry), helps to remember order of tendons as they pass through the tarsal tunnel

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20
Q

what is the tarsal tunnel contents

A

Muscles- tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve
, the ceiling of the tunnel is the flexor retinaculum- tough band of CT from medial malleolus to medial wall of calcaneus

21
Q

what does the flexor retinaculum do

A

it prevents the tendons flicking around- it holds them in place

22
Q

order of contents of tarsal tunnel

A

Tom, Dick, bloody, nervous, harry

23
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment

A

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius

24
Q

anterior compartment- muscles linked

A

all muscles are supplied by the deep peroneal nerve, all dorsiflex

25
Q

tibialis anterior- origin and insertion

A

origin- upper 1/2 to 2/3 lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion- medial surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st MT, insertion blends with that of peroneus longus

26
Q

tibialis anterior- action and nerve

A

DF ankle, inversion of foot,

nerve- deep peroneal nerve L4/5

27
Q

Extensor digitorum longus- origin and insertion

A

origin- upper 2/3 ant surface of fibula, upper part of interosseous membrane, lateral tibial condyle
insertion- extensor hood (dorsal digital expansion), base of middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

28
Q

extensor digitorum longus- action and nerve

A

action- extension of lateral 4 toes at MTP joint, expansion at IP joint, assists in DF,
nerve- deep peroneal nerve L5,S1

29
Q

what is the dorsal digital expansion (extensor hood)

A

divides the extensor tendon into 2 slips which terminate at the base of the distal phalanx, allows- extend distal phalanx and proximal phalanx and metatarsal phalangeal joints

30
Q

extensor hallucis longus- origin and insertion

A

origin- middle 1/2 of anterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion- Base of distal phalanx of great toe

31
Q

extensor hallucis longus- action and nerve

A

action- extend all joints of great toe, mainly MTP joints, powerful DF
Deep perineal nerve L5,S1

32
Q

Peroneus tertius- origin and insertion

A

part of EDL (not always present), origin- lower 1/4 medial fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane,
insertion- base of 5th MT, medial and dorsal aspect

33
Q

peroneus tertius- action and nerve

A

weak DF, weak evertor of foot

deep peroneal nerve L5, S1

34
Q

muscles in the lateral compartment

A

peroneus (fibularis) longus, peroneus (fibularis) brevis

35
Q

muscles in lateral compartment- link

A

PL and PB supplied by superficial peroneal nerve

36
Q

peroneus longus- origin and insertions

A

origin- lateral tibial condyle (with EDL), upper 2/3 lateral surface of fibula, lateral side of fibula head
insertion- 2 slips- base of first MT and medial cuneiform

37
Q

peroneus longus- action and nerve

A

eversion of the foot, PF at ankle

superficial peroneal nerve L5, S1

38
Q

peroneus brevis- origin and insertions

A

origin- lower 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula (anterior to PL),
insertion- tubercle on the lateral side of base of 5th MT

39
Q

peroneus brevis- action and nerve

A

action- eversion of foot, PF at ankle

nerve- superficial peroneal nerve L5, S1

40
Q

muscles on dorsum of foot

A

extensor digitorum brevis

41
Q

extensor digitorum brevis- origin and insertion

A

origin- anterior part of calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum
insertion- medial tendon- to base, proximal phalanx of great toe, tendons 2-4 to lateral side of extensor hood

42
Q

extensor digitorum brevis- action and nerve

A

action- extension at MTP joints, assists lumbricals to extend IP joints
nerve- deep peroneal nerve L5, S1

43
Q

tendon sheaths of ankle region

A

wherever tendons have to go round a corner, prevents friction

44
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

inserts into the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity and extends to the head of MT, tight and inelastic tissue that supports medial and lateral arches, covers intrinsic muscles on foot

45
Q

what muscles produce and assists inversion

A

tibialis anterior/ posterior, extensor and flexor hallucis longus

46
Q

ROM and limited by inversion

A

45- 60°, limited. y dorsal talonavicular ligament

47
Q

what muscles produce and assist in eversion

A

peroneus longus, brevis and tertius

48
Q

ROM and limited by eversion

A

25°, impact of talus on floor of sinus tarsi, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

Appendicular anatomy (20 decks)

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