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AP Euro > World War I > Flashcards

World War I Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Italy, Austria Hungary, and Germany

A

Triple Alliance

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2
Q

promised neutrality in war in 1887; Wilhelm II refused to renew treaty after Bismarck left

A

Russian-German Resistance Treaty

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3
Q

Britain; only country not in alliance; 1891 to about 1900

A

‘Splendid Isolation’

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4
Q

Britan breaks splendid isolation; Britain wants Japan as watch dog on Russia; benevolent neutrality

A

Anglo-Japanese Alliance

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5
Q

Britain and France together formal alliance

A

Entente Cordial

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6
Q

militarism and arms race: second reason for WWI; militarism leads to belief in inevitability of European ;British policy, fleet larger than combined fleet of two closet rivals; Britain wants to stop with arms race, Germany refuses

A

Anglo-German Arms Race

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7
Q

invite Russia into informal alliance; no promise they have to go to war with each other

A

Triple Entente

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8
Q

wrote ‘Lay Down Your Arms’; first woman to win noble price prize

A

Bertha Von Suttner

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9
Q

newest, greatest, latest super battle ship

A

Dreadnoughts

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10
Q

congratulated Boers on not needing German assistance, angered Britain

A

Kruger Telegram

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11
Q

1st Moroccan crisis ; Wilhelm II sends ppl to morocco to try to get them to rebel against Britain ; triple entente tells them to knock it off

A

Algeciras Conference

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12
Q

1911; Germany sent gun boat to fez, French claimed lands, and threatened France; Britain supports France

A

Second Morrocan Crisis

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13
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Sick Man of Europe

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14
Q

nationalistic movement for Slavs to be under Russia

A

Pan-Slavism

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15
Q

led by Ataturk; seemed weak to Europeans

A

Young Turks

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16
Q

Bosnia Crisis; 1911 to 1912 italy took Turkish province of Libya; 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina ; war averted

A

First Balkan Crisis

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17
Q

1912;Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria allied successfully drive Turks out of Balkans; Serbia sought port access to Adriatic sea, but was rebuffed when Austria created Albania

A

First Balkan War

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18
Q

1913; Bulgaria was angered Serbia and Greece had acquired territory in Macedonia and attacked them both; Serbia defeated Bulgaria and temporarily gained Albania; Austria with German support prevented Serbia from holding Albania; Serbia had no way to Adriatic Sea and Albania was independent ; humiliated it could not help Serbia acquire Albania

A

Second Balkan War

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19
Q

-

A

‘Third Balkan War’

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20
Q

last heir to Austro Hungarian throne; children are not heirs; member of the Black Hand assassinated archduke and wife

A

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

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21
Q

part of the Black Hand; killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand; attempted to commit suicide, went wrong; too young to receive death penalty

A

Princip

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22
Q

pledged Austria a blank check to punish Serbia

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

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23
Q

clean slate; granted by Kaiser Wilhelm II to Austria

A

‘Blank Check’

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24
Q

Germany, Austria Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

A

Central Powers

25
Q

Britain, France, Russia (later Japan,Italy, US)

A

Allies

26
Q

describes the contested armed frontier between lands controlled by Germany to the east and the Allies to the west

A

Western Front

27
Q

invade France through Belgium, attack Paris in a hammer swing ; plan designed to take France in 6 weeks; ensure multi front war

A

Schlieffen Plan

28
Q

1914; after Germans came in sight of Paris, French and British pushed them back; end of Schlieffen plan

A

Battle of the Marne

29
Q

resulted in stalemate and lasted four years; trenches from North Sea to French border; few gains were made; 1916 massive casualties couldn’t break

A

Trench Welfare

30
Q

1916; was one of the major battles during the First World War on the Western Front; fought between the German and French armies; ended with a French tactical victory

A

Battle of Verdun

31
Q

1916; Somme Offensive; in France; the British Expeditionary Force and the French Army mount a joint offensive against the German Army; one of the largest battles of the war; 1 million casualties, making it one of the bloodiest military operations ever recorded

A

Battle of Somme

32
Q

wrote ‘All Quiet on the Western Front’

A

Emarque

33
Q

poison gas, tank, flamethrower

A

New Weapons

34
Q

a theatre of war during World War I in Central and, primarily, Eastern Europe

A

Eastern Front

35
Q

made their reputations at Tannenberg and elsewhere on the Eastern Front against Russia

A

Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff

36
Q

brought about the end of the war between Russia and Germany in 1918

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

37
Q

took place on the Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire; joint British and French operation was mounted to capture the Ottoman capital of Constantinople and secure a sea route to Russia; attempt failed, with heavy casualties on both sides; campaign was considered one of the greatest victories of the Turks and was reflected on as a major failure by the Allies

A

Gallipoli Campaign

38
Q

was a British Army officer renowned especially for his liaison role during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign and the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish; ability to describe events vividly in writing earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia

A

T.E. Lawrence

39
Q

prolonged naval operation conducted by the Allied Powers during and after World War I; considered one of the key elements in the eventual allied victory in the war; 763,000 German civilians died from starvation and disease caused by the blockade up until the end of December 1918

A

British naval blockade

40
Q

German term referring to any submarine

A

U-Boats

41
Q

British passenger liner sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives

A

Lustitania

42
Q

type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning

A

Unrestricted submarine warfare

43
Q

-

A

Archangel expedition

44
Q

in each country during the First World War, a government of national unity which began to plan and control economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort

A

Total War

45
Q

French statesman who led the nation to victory in the First World War; leader of the Radical Party; played a central role in politics after 1870; served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909; was one of the principal architects of the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919

A

George’s Clemenceau

46
Q

-movement that aimed at the unification of Italian speaking peoples and territories deemed to be Italian lands

A

Italia Irredenta

47
Q

proposal from the German Empire to Mexico to make war against the United States; intercepted and decoded by British intelligence; outraged American public opinion and helped generate support for the United States declaration of war on Germany in April

A

Zimmerman Telegram

48
Q

1917 British mandate that declared British support of a National Home for the Jewish People in Palestine

A

Balfour Note

49
Q

28th President of the United States, in office from 1913 to 1921

A

Woodrow Wilson

50
Q

a statement by United States President Woodrow Wilson that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe; people in Europe generally welcomed Wilson’s intervention; his main Allied colleagues were skeptical of the applicability of Wilsonian idealism

A

Fourteen Points

51
Q

-

A

‘Self determination’

52
Q

also called the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire western front

A

Meuse-Argonne offensive

53
Q

the meeting of the Allied victors following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918; took place in Paris during 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 32 countries and nationalities; they met, discussed various options, and developed a series of treaties

A

Paris Peace Conference

54
Q

refers to the top Allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference; was composed of Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and Georges Clemenceau of France

A

Big Four

55
Q

treaty by which Germanys army was limited to 100,000 men and Germany was declared responsible for the war and had therefore to pay reparations equal to all civilian damages caused by the war

A

Versailles Treaty

56
Q

-

A

Article 231

57
Q

a permanent international organization established during the peace conference in Paris in January 1919, designed to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars

A

League of Nations

58
Q

‘The Economics of the Peace’

A

Maynard

59
Q

Irish attempt to declare independence in WWI in 1916

A

Easter Rebellion

AP Euro (13 decks)

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