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AP Euro > Russian Revolution > Flashcards

Russian Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

1801-1825: initially favored liberal ideals, increasingly reactionary after 1815, proposed Holy Alliance

A

Czar Alexander I

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2
Q

is 1st major attempt to stop growth of liberalism, no one takes it seriously; proposed by Czar Alexander I

A

“Holy Alliance”

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3
Q

1825, czar dies, leads to Constantine vs. Nicholas -Decembrists want Constantine on throne, Nicholas puts down rebellion, executes Decembrist leaders

A

Decembrist Uprising

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4
Q

most reactionary monarcy; ‘autocracy, orthodoxy, & nationality’; Russia turns into a police state with a secret police (the third section) and state sponsored terrorism, limited education

A

Nicholas I

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5
Q

think culture of mere is superior to anything in the west, want dominance of Orthodox Church, support Nicholas

A

Slavophiles

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6
Q

all about industrializing, setting up constitutional government, and free serfs, pro revolution

A

Westernizers

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7
Q

greatest reform minded czar since Peter the Great but Russia remained autocratic, believed serfdom had retarded modernization and caused over 1500 uprising, emancipation act officially abolished serfdom in 1861

A

Alexander II

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8
Q

1861; ending serfdom was key modernization; abolished serfdom; most Russians not imparted

A

Emancipation Act

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9
Q

most Russians lived in highly regulated communes; collective ownership and responsibility made it hard to move

A

mirs

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10
Q

district assemblies, regulate village life, nobles control when peasants are supposed to

A

zemstovs

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11
Q

spun off mainstream socialist movement; sought to destroy the centralized state

A

anarchy

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12
Q

most influential of anarchists

A

Bakunin

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13
Q

most reactionary czar of 19th century, ‘autocracy, orthodoxy, and russiafication’

A

Alexander III

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14
Q

Alexander III’s program while on power; czar is supreme, church is supreme, becoming Russian in culture fully

A

“Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Russification”

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15
Q

violent persecutions of Jewish in Russian area

A

pogroms

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16
Q

created idea of Zionism which advocated a Jewish homeland on the Holy Land as a remedy to continue persecution of Jews in eastern and Central Europe

A

Herzl

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17
Q

aggressively courting western capital, wants to build factories, small middle class begins, starts trans Siberian railroad

A

Count S.Y. Witte

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18
Q

dissolves Duma twice in 1906

A

Nicholas II

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19
Q

Russia and Japan both wanted Manchuria and Korea; Japan destroyed Russian fleet of coat of Korea and won major battles on land; Europeans horrified Japan had defeated a major western power; ended with Treaty of Portsmouth

A

Russo-Japanese War

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20
Q

1905, Russia acknowledges Japan owns Korea and Russia gets some of Manchuria

A

Treaty of Portsmouth

21
Q

workers and peasants marched peacefully to winter palace asking for reform; czar wasn’t there but army was and killed many in cold blood

A

“Bloody Sunday”

22
Q

Bloody Sunday; peasant revolt and troop mutinies paralyzed Russia by October and czar had to make changes

A

Revolution of 1905

23
Q

created Duma, the first national parliament; religious toleration on Poland; people allowed to speak native language; temporarily reduce limits on Jews

A

October Manifesto

24
Q

Advisory body for czar; first met in 1906, dissolved twice, third perfect for czar because they are conservative and pro czar

A

Duma

25
Q

prime minister and created kulaks, assassinated 1911

A

Stolypin

26
Q

founded and leaded social democratic workers party, heir to Marx, three basic central ideas (anti revisionist, peasants are poor and may start a revolution, the revolution will be done by elite intellectuals); ends up exiled in Switzerland

A

Lenin

27
Q

revolutionist, but minority; gradual change to government

A

Mensheviks

28
Q

[the majority] followed Lenin’s idea, the ones in exile planned revolution because of Bloody Sunday

A

Bolsheviks

29
Q

wrote War and Peace; reorganizes and leads red army; Lenin’s collaborator

A

Trotsky

30
Q

Big reason was poor showing in WWI; was centered in St. Petersburg, started with massive strike in January and February due to food shortages, women rioted for bread and were supported by men and soldiers, demanded overthrow of czar, Nicholas abdicates throne and was put under house arrest with family, Duma declared provisional government

A

February Revolution

31
Q

mystic who dominates czars court in last days of empire; caused people to doubt the czar; advised Alexandra; mystical mad munk

A

Rasputin

32
Q

is a dual government creates after the czar advocates, consisting of constitutional democrats and liberals who wanted to continue the war

A

Provisional Goverment

33
Q

is leader of provisional government and is a Petrograd Soviet, gave provisional government more legitimacy, rejected outright social revolution

A

Kerensky

34
Q

consisted of workers and soldiers who had overthrown czar, led by Mensheviks, the soviet accepted control of provisional government, soon soviets brought together representatives from other soviets and emerged as a national body

A

Petrograd Soviet

35
Q

issued by Petrograd Soviet, try to replace military officers loyal to czar and place soviet in firm control of army

A

Army Order No. One

36
Q

was where Lenin rejected all cooperation with the bourgeoisie provincial government; called for socialist revolution and establishment of soviet republic; nationalization of banks and landed estates; “all power to soviets”; “all land to the peasants”; “end the war now”

A

April Thesis

37
Q

was where conservatives plotted an overthrow of Kerensky’s government; plot failed without bloodshed; Kerensky lost all credibility with army; Kerensky’s refusal to end war prevent anarchy and lead to fall of the provisional government

A

Kornilov Affair

38
Q

Results in communist dictatorship of the Bolsheviks; ends and replaces provisional government

A

October Revolution

39
Q

formed to organize Bolsheviks revolution; included Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev -October revolution Trotsky, leader if Petrograd soviet, led soviet overthrow and arrest of provisional government which fell with limited bloodshed

A

Politburo

40
Q

is communist army, Lenin’s supporters

A

Red Army

41
Q

is the secret police created in December to eliminate opponents of Bolsheviks

A

Cheka

42
Q

new name for Bolsheviks after the election for constitutional assembly

A

Communist Party

43
Q

1918; took Russia out of WWI

A

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

44
Q

Reds vs. Whites; peasants feared whites but supported red, both brutal in size; over two fled; allies sent troops o help whites hoping to get Russia back in war

A

Russian Civil War

45
Q

relating or belonging to the former Soviet Union; led by Trotsky

A

Reds

46
Q

a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces who fought the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War

A

Whites

47
Q

Earlier form of socialism in Russia; applies total war to the civil war

A

“war communism”

48
Q

Formed by Lenin after Russian Civil War; 12 Russian Republics made it up

A

Union of a Soviet Socialist Republics

AP Euro (13 decks)

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