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AP Euro > Urbanization and Intellectual Movement > Flashcards

Urbanization and Intellectual Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

main focus in steel production, oil , electricity , and chemicals

A

Second Industrial Revoution

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2
Q

population growth; Britain was first to experience Urban growth; population of Europe increased by 50% between 1870-1914; significant decline in mortality rates; lower birth rates

A

Urbanization

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3
Q

caused by Edwin Chadwick, the most famous reformer ; sanitary idea ; aqueduct system piped water would carry off excrement of communal outhouses; Britain passed 1st health law in 1848

A

Public Health Movement

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4
Q

most Famous reformer; influenced by Bentham’s utilitarianism; saw dieses as primary cost of poverty; sanitary idea

A

Edwin Chadwick

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5
Q

believed desiese could be prevented by cleaning up urban environment

A

“sanitary idea”

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6
Q

redeveloped Paris; wide boulevards (so no one could barricade the streets); middle class suburbs on outskirts of Paris; demolition of slums; creation of parks and open spaces

A

Georges von Haussmann

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7
Q

1895; ‘good old days’ before the war; increased standardize living in industrial countries; better living in Northern Europe; people gradually enjoyed higher wages and lower food prices; increased leisure time along with increased money to spend

A

“Belle Epoque”

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8
Q

came up with the ‘germ theory’; also began pasteurization

A

Louis Pasteur

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9
Q

fermentation caused by growth of living organisms and activity of these organisms could be sue pressed by heating beverage; reduces food poisoning ; created by Louis Pasteur

A

pasteurization

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10
Q

‘antiseptic principle’ in performing surgery; had to sanitize instruments and hands before/after surgery and clean surgery room; resulted in far fewer people dying of infection from surgeries

A

Joesph Lister

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11
Q

created periodic table

A

Dmetri Medeleev

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12
Q

electromagnetism; created generator of sorts ‘the dynamo’; led to electric motors, lights, street cars

A

Micheal Faraday

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13
Q

father of sociology; positivism; believed social scientists could help regulate society; thinks of science as religion and desires rule of experts

A

August Comte

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14
Q

said all intellectual activity goes through predictable stages and this humans would soon discover eternal laws of human relations through the study of sociology

A

positivism

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15
Q

wrote On Origin of Species; Theory of Evolution; all life gradually evolved from common ancestral origin of unending struggle for survival; big supporter was Thomas Huxley

A

Charles Darwin

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16
Q

big supporter of Darwin; ‘Darwin’s Bulldog’

A

Thomas Huxley

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17
Q

created Social Darwinism; survival of the fittest; natural laws dictated why certain people were successful and why others were not; very popular with the upper middle class

A

Herbert Spencer

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18
Q

considered one of the three giants in 19th century; believed humans are highly irrational creatures; the human subconscious (ID) was not subject to reason; emphasized sexuality was key driving force in ones psychological problems; founder of psychoanalysis which believed that patients originated in unhappy early childhood experiences where they repressed strong feelings; used hypnosis

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

discovered first radioactive element in 1910; died of radiation poison

A

Marie Curie

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20
Q

split atom in 1919; postulated the structure of the atom with positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons

A

Ernest Rutherford

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21
Q

quantum theory; subatomic energy is emitted in uneven little spurts called ‘quanta’

A

Max Planck

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22
Q

Theory of Relativity of time and space challenged traditional ideas of Newtonian physics; e=mc^2

A

Albert Einstein

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23
Q

traditional ideas of Newtonian physics

A

theory of relativity

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24
Q

Pope Leo XIII sought to permit Catholics to participate in the politics of liberal science; condemned socialism and Marxism but defended capitalism; supported laws that protected workers from exploitation; pronouncement led to creation of Catholic parties and trade unions at the turn of the century

A

Rerum Novarum

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25
Q

belief the literature and art should depict life as it really was; largely reaction to the failed revolutions of 1848-1849 and subsequent loss of idealism

A

Realism

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26
Q

wrote Human Comedy and said society was grasping, amoral, and was undergoing social Darwinian struggle for power and wealth

A

Balzac

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27
Q

Madam Bovary; portrays provincial middle class as petty, smug, and hypocritical

A

Flaubert

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28
Q

write Tess of the d’Urbervilles

A

Hardy

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29
Q

giant of realistic literature; wrote Germinal about young miners in Northern France

A

Zola

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30
Q

means turn of the century

A

fin de siècle

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31
Q

thinks people are shaped by social class as well as own moral choices

A

Eliot

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32
Q

wrote War and Peace

A

Trotsky

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33
Q

father of modern drama; examined life morality often at odds with Victorian views of the day

A

Ibsen

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34
Q

coined term realism; painted ‘The Stone Breakers’

A

Courbet

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35
Q

painted the Gleaners depicts farm women gleaning field after harvest

A

Millet

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36
Q

painted the Third Class Carriage

A

Daumire

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37
Q

painted the Laundry Girls Ironing

A

Degas

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38
Q

is bridge artist between impressionist and realist; painted Luncheon on the Grass

A

Manet

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39
Q

sought to capture momentary overall feeling or impression of light falling on real life scene

A

Impressionism

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40
Q

is foremost impressionist painter and series painter; Impression Sunrise

A

Monet

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41
Q

painted Dance at Moulin

A

Renoir

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42
Q

considered true father of impressionism

A

Pissaro

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43
Q

is greatest female artist of 19th century

A

Morisot

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44
Q

painted Starry Night

A

Van Gogh

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45
Q

pioneered expressionist techniques and painted in South Pacific; painted Where Do We Come From

A

Gaugin

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46
Q

painted Apples and Oranges

A

Cezanne

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47
Q

made exhibit that was called les Fauves- the wild beasts

A

Matisse

48
Q

founder of cubism; painted The Ladies of Avignon

A

Picasso

49
Q

all lines and angles; geometrical

A

Cubism

50
Q

ultimate stage in development of abstract, nonrepresentational art

A

Expressionism

51
Q

painted Composition VII

A

Kandinsky

52
Q

What are the new inventions that define Belle Epoque?

A

telephone, automobile, gramophone, radio, motion pictures

53
Q

Who painted this? What is it called?

A

Compisition VII

Kandinsky

54
Q

Who painted this? What is it called?

A

Starry Night

Van Gogh

55
Q
A

Apples and Oranges

Cezanne

56
Q
A

Ladies of Avignon

Picasso

57
Q
A

Where do we come from?

Gauguin

58
Q
A

Dance at Moulin

Renoir

59
Q
A

Luncheon on the Grass

Manet

60
Q
A

Laundry Girls Ironing

Degas

61
Q
A

Third Class Carriage

Daumier

62
Q
A

The Gleaners

Millet

63
Q
A

The Stone Breakers

Courbet

64
Q

Second Industrial Revoution

A

main focus in steel production, oil , electricity , and chemicals

65
Q

Urbanization

A

population growth; Britain was first to experience Urban growth; population of Europe increased by 50% between 1870-1914; significant decline in mortality rates; lower birth rates

66
Q

Public Health Movement

A

caused by Edwin Chadwick, the most famous reformer ; sanitary idea ; aqueduct system piped water would carry off excrement of communal outhouses; Britain passed 1st health law in 1848

67
Q

Edwin Chadwick

A

most Famous reformer; influenced by Bentham’s utilitarianism; saw dieses as primary cost of poverty; sanitary idea

68
Q

“sanitary idea”

A

believed desiese could be prevented by cleaning up urban environment

69
Q

Georges von Haussmann

A

redeveloped Paris; wide boulevards (so no one could barricade the streets); middle class suburbs on outskirts of Paris; demolition of slums; creation of parks and open spaces

70
Q

“Belle Epoque”

A

1895; ‘good old days’ before the war; increased standardize living in industrial countries; better living in Northern Europe; people gradually enjoyed higher wages and lower food prices; increased leisure time along with increased money to spend

71
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

came up with the ‘germ theory’; also began pasteurization

72
Q

pasteurization

A

fermentation caused by growth of living organisms and activity of these organisms could be sue pressed by heating beverage; reduces food poisoning ; created by Louis Pasteur

73
Q

Joesph Lister

A

‘antiseptic principle’ in performing surgery; had to sanitize instruments and hands before/after surgery and clean surgery room; resulted in far fewer people dying of infection from surgeries

74
Q

Dmetri Medeleev

A

created periodic table

75
Q

Micheal Faraday

A

electromagnetism; created generator of sorts ‘the dynamo’; led to electric motors, lights, street cars

76
Q

August Comte

A

father of sociology; positivism; believed social scientists could help regulate society; thinks of science as religion and desires rule of experts

77
Q

positivism

A

said all intellectual activity goes through predictable stages and this humans would soon discover eternal laws of human relations through the study of sociology

78
Q

Charles Darwin

A

wrote On Origin of Species; Theory of Evolution; all life gradually evolved from common ancestral origin of unending struggle for survival; big supporter was Thomas Huxley

79
Q

Thomas Huxley

A

big supporter of Darwin; ‘Darwin’s Bulldog’

80
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

created Social Darwinism; survival of the fittest; natural laws dictated why certain people were successful and why others were not; very popular with the upper middle class

81
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

considered one of the three giants in 19th century; believed humans are highly irrational creatures; the human subconscious (ID) was not subject to reason; emphasized sexuality was key driving force in ones psychological problems; founder of psychoanalysis which believed that patients originated in unhappy early childhood experiences where they repressed strong feelings; used hypnosis

82
Q

Marie Curie

A

discovered first radioactive element in 1910; died of radiation poison

83
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

split atom in 1919; postulated the structure of the atom with positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons

84
Q

Max Planck

A

quantum theory; subatomic energy is emitted in uneven little spurts called ‘quanta’

85
Q

Albert Einstein

A

Theory of Relativity of time and space challenged traditional ideas of Newtonian physics; e=mc^2

86
Q

theory of relativity

A

traditional ideas of Newtonian physics

87
Q

Rerum Novarum

A

Pope Leo XIII sought to permit Catholics to participate in the politics of liberal science; condemned socialism and Marxism but defended capitalism; supported laws that protected workers from exploitation; pronouncement led to creation of Catholic parties and trade unions at the turn of the century

88
Q

Realism

A

belief the literature and art should depict life as it really was; largely reaction to the failed revolutions of 1848-1849 and subsequent loss of idealism

89
Q

Balzac

A

wrote Human Comedy and said society was grasping, amoral, and was undergoing social Darwinian struggle for power and wealth

90
Q

Flaubert

A

Madam Bovary; portrays provincial middle class as petty, smug, and hypocritical

91
Q

Hardy

A

write Tess of the d’Urbervilles

92
Q

Zola

A

giant of realistic literature; wrote Germinal about young miners in Northern France

93
Q

fin de siècle

A

means turn of the century

94
Q

Eliot

A

thinks people are shaped by social class as well as own moral choices

95
Q

Trotsky

A

wrote War and Peace

96
Q

Ibsen

A

father of modern drama; examined life morality often at odds with Victorian views of the day

97
Q

Courbet

A

coined term realism; painted ‘The Stone Breakers’

98
Q

Millet

A

painted the Gleaners depicts farm women gleaning field after harvest

99
Q

Daumire

A

painted the Third Class Carriage

100
Q

Degas

A

painted the Laundry Girls Ironing

101
Q

Manet

A

is bridge artist between impressionist and realist; painted Luncheon on the Grass

102
Q

Impressionism

A

sought to capture momentary overall feeling or impression of light falling on real life scene

103
Q

Monet

A

is foremost impressionist painter and series painter; Impression Sunrise

104
Q

Renoir

A

painted Dance at Moulin

105
Q

Pissaro

A

considered true father of impressionism

106
Q

Morisot

A

is greatest female artist of 19th century

107
Q

Van Gogh

A

painted Starry Night

108
Q

Gaugin

A

pioneered expressionist techniques and painted in South Pacific; painted Where Do We Come From

109
Q

Cezanne

A

painted Apples and Oranges

110
Q

Matisse

A

made exhibit that was called les Fauves- the wild beasts

111
Q

Picasso

A

founder of cubism; painted The Ladies of Avignon

112
Q

Cubism

A

all lines and angles; geometrical

113
Q

Expressionism

A

ultimate stage in development of abstract, nonrepresentational art

114
Q

Kandinsky

A

painted Composition VII

115
Q

The Stone Breakers

Courbet

A

AP Euro (13 decks)

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