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AP Euro > Totalitarianism > Flashcards

Totalitarianism Flashcards

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1
Q

where people were expected to participate in system and support regime actively; made possible by new technology; censorship, indoctrination, and terror; either fascist or communist

A

totalitarianism

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2
Q

is traditional form of anti-democratic government in Europe (absolutism); popular participation in government was forbidden or limited; revived after WWI

A

conservative authoritarianism

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3
Q

part of totalitarianism; Russia

A

communism

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4
Q

part of totalitarianism; Italy and Germany; was Chinatown of conservative authoritarianism and modern totalitarianism; a movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, an antisocialism aimed at destroying working-class movements, alliances with powerful capitalists and landowners, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military

A

facism

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5
Q

renamed Russia to the Soviet Union; abolished the old social structure and ended nobility titles; lost the influence for the Greek Orthodox Church; women gained theoretical equality; dies in 1924 and his body was displayed for many years, no successor

A

Lenin

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6
Q

theory of imperialism is imperialism is higher form of capitalism as the search for new markets and raw materials feed la bourgeoisie hunger for profit; educated professional revolutionaries; sought worldwide communist movement

A

Marxist-Leninist Philosophy

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7
Q

-served as guiding group working towards worldwide international communism

A

comintern

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8
Q

won Russia civil war; 1st mass communist society in world history; socialization of all means of production and central planning of the economy; Bolsheviks destroyed the economy; secret police liquidated 250,000 opponents

A

war communism

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9
Q

is the secret police created in December to eliminate opponents of Bolsheviks

A

Checka

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10
Q

1921 mutiny by previously pro-Bolsheviks sailors at march at naval base had to be crushed with machine gun fire; caused by the economic disaster and social upheaval of Russian Civil War; major cause for Lenin forming NEP

A

Kronstadt Rebellion

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11
Q

eliminates harsh aspects of War communism; Lenin’s response to peasant revolts, military mutiny, economic ruin; some capitalism allowed; government still controlled heavy industry; results improvement

A

New Economic Policy

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12
Q

Formed by Lenin after Russian Civil War; 12 Russian Republics made it up

A

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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13
Q

was more realist and believed in “Socialism in One Country”; sought establishment of socialist economy without dependencies on the west; gained effective control in 1927; purged politburo

A

Stalin

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14
Q

sought establishment of socialist economy without dependencies on the west

A

“socialism one country”

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15
Q

ideologue, theorist, and dreams of worldwide communization; is more of Marxist ideologue and believed in permanent revolution; continuation of worldwide communism; exiled and eventually assassinated in Mexico City 1940

A

Trotsky

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16
Q

revolution from above; increase industrial output; 20% peasants were scheduled to give up private plots and join collective farming

A

5 Year Plan

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17
Q

is greatest of all costs under 5 year plan ; purpose was to bring peasantry under absolute control of communist state; farmers didn’t like it

A

Collectivization

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18
Q

were liquidated under Stalin

A

kulaks

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19
Q

apex of soviet power; ; top 70 people in 1930

A

Central Committee

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20
Q

had about a dozen members; dominated by discussions of policy and personnel

A

Politburo

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21
Q

was highest position of power; created and occupied by Stalin

A

General Secretary

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22
Q

first directed against peasants after 1929; resulted in 8 million arrests; show trials used to eradicate enemies of the people; in late 1930s dozens of old Bolsheviks were tried and executed; 40000 army officers were expelled or liquidated

A

“Great Terror”

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23
Q

a trial with a predetermined verdict held for propaganda purposes

A

show trial

24
Q

-were what was left of Lenin’s followers; all killed

A

‘Old Bolsheviks’

25
Q

dealt with army 40,000 officers gone liquidated or expelled

A

purges

26
Q

forced labor camps

A

gulag

27
Q

was editor of socialist newspaper, but nationalist at heart; starts fascist party which combines socialism and nationalism; wants land expansion, benefits for workers, and land reforms for peasants; gained support of the Conservative classes and frightened middle class with anti-socialist rhetoric

A

Mussolini

28
Q

-originally combined socialism and nationalism; eventually just focuses on nationalism, drops socialist aspect; conservatives end up supporting

A

Fascist party

29
Q

were paramilitary forces who attacks Communists, Socialists, and other enemies of the fascist program

A

“Black Shirts”

30
Q

October 1922; black shirts demanded the resignation of existing government and his own appointment by the king; Government collapsed and Mussolini takes power; King Emmanuel gave him dictatorial power for 1 year

A

March on Rome

31
Q

is economic basis for Italian fascism

A

corporate state

32
Q

resulted in reconciliation with the papacy; Vatican recognized as tiny independent state; recorded $92 million for seized church lands; pope Pius XII recognized the legitimacy

A

Lateran Pact

33
Q

recognized as tiny independent state

A

Vatican

34
Q

fall was result of Great Depression, unemployment reached 43%, Hitler promised a lot of stuff

A

Weimar Republic

35
Q

hyper nationalism fed the impulse to conquer all nations; racial superiority of Germanic people, inferiority of Jews and Slavs

A

Nazism

36
Q

is belief in racial superiority of Germanic people

A

Aryan Race

37
Q

began after WWI, led by Hitler; tiny group of only 7 members that grew dramatically within a few years

A

Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)

38
Q

is NAZI paramilitary group; private army for nazi party; nicknamed Brown Shirts

A

Brown Shirts (S.A.)

39
Q

Hitler’s failed attempt to overthrow state of Bavaria and was sentenced to a year in jail; gave Hitler national attention; Hitler realized he must take control of Germany legally

A

Beer Hall Putsch

40
Q

book written by Adolph Hitler, in which he outlines his theories and program for a national socialist revolution

A

Mein Kampf

41
Q

living space; Germany needs room to grow eastward, get rid of Jews, and make Slavs slave labor

A

“lebensraum”

42
Q

leader-dictator with unlimited, arbitrary power, this name was bestowed upon Adolf Hitler

A

Führer

43
Q

a world-wide economic depression from 1929-1933, unique in its severity and duration and with slow and uneven recovery

A

Great Depression

44
Q

1933 to 1935; supposed to last a thousand year; Hitler in power

A

Third Reich

45
Q

was during violent electoral campaign in 1933; used by Nazis to crack down of communists

A

Reichstag Fire

46
Q

act pushed through the Reichstag by the Nazis which gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for four years

A

Enabling Act

47
Q

was minister of propaganda; efficiently glorified Hitler and Nazi state

A

Goebbels

48
Q

filmed documentary Triumph of the Will a documentary of the Nuremberg rally of 1934; made Hitler look larger than life and glorified Nazi regime; used people from concentration camp for extras

A

Leni Riefenstal

49
Q

Hitler was warned that the army and big business were suspicious of SA; to please conservatives Hitler’s elite personal guard the SS arrested and shot without trial about 1000 SA leaders and other political enemies

A

“Night of the Long Knives”

50
Q

led by Himmler; Hitler’s elite personal guard

A

S.S.

51
Q

ran SS and Gestapo

A

Himmler

52
Q

secret police; arrested political enemies; ran political courts and concentration camps

A

Gestapo

53
Q

was Nazis in doctrines German youths with views of German racial superiority and Jews as source of Germany’s problems; eventually membership was mandatory; children encouraged to turn in parents and teachers if they were disloyal to Reich

A

Hitler Youth

54
Q

1935 deprived all Jews the right of citizenship; marriage between Jews and Germans was prohibited

A

Nuremburg Law

55
Q

1938 Hitler ordered attack on Jewish communities using the assassination of a German diplomat in Paris by Jewish boy as a pretense; the night of broken glass; well organized wave of violence destroyed homes, synagogues, and businesses

A

kristallnacht

56
Q

murder of 6 million of Jews through ‘final solution’ gas chambers

A

Holocaust

AP Euro (13 decks)

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