World Civ. Chapter 10 Flashcards
Bismarcks’s Treaties
Bismarck Created the Dreikaiserbund in 1872. Was not a full treaty but more of a series of gentleman’s agreements between the emporers of the nations. Bismarck tried to be neutral for fighting turks and russians
Russo-Turkish War 1877
Started with the delcine of the Ottoman Empire. Bc of this European powers wanted to take adavantage of declining Ottoman Empire(Russia, Austria-Hungary, Britian). Russia pushed back Turks, But losses piled up fro russia but were still in power. War ended with Treaty of San Stefano.
Congress of Berlin
Met from Jun 13 - Jul 13 1878. Russia Lost territory and had to surrender the Dobruja and Danube Delta to Romania. Danube was declared Internatinal River. Bulgaria reduced to 2/3s its territory.
“Splendid Isolation”
During WW1 Britian had a foregin policy that avoided permanant alliances with other countries. Focusing on its own intrest and maintains its foremost imperial power.
Kaiser William II
German Leader, Whilem compelled Bismaracks resignation and his regime adopted a more expansive and aggressive forgein policy. Whilem II Wnated to make germany a world power. German ticked off alot of countries and Britain broke their isolation policy.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austro-Hungarian Heir, Someone attempted to assainate him. a Serbian and then tried again and killed him. Lead up to the start of WW1
Gavrilo Princip
Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian Serb nationalist and a member of the group known as the Black Hand, a secret organization that aimed to create greater independence for Slavic peoples within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, particularly the Serbs. June 28, 1914, Princip and other members of the Black Hand plotted to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Started WW1 instantly.
The Schlieffen Plan
German Military strategy in WW1 to end the war quickly. Started with quick take over of belguim but this failed. And Britian eventually declared war on Germany bc of invading Belgium.Battle of the Marne (September 1914) was a turning point in the war, where German forces were stopped and forced to retreat. failure of the Schlieffen Plan, Germany found itself facing a two-front war—fighting against France and Britain in the west and Russia in the east
Western Front Stalemate
When Trench Warfare came ot a halt between the French and the Germans, and neither side was able to make any progress forward.
Opposing Alliances
Triple Alliance was a military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. It was formed in the late 19th century as part of a strategy to balance the growing power of France, and later Russia and Britain.Triple Entente was a coalition of France, Russia, and Britain formed in response to the growing power of the Triple Alliance.a loose agreement based on mutual understanding and cooperation.
Balkans were a region of intense rivalry and competition, particularly between Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. The rise of nationalist movements and the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century added further complexity to European diplomacy.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (USW) refers to the practice of attacking military and civilian ships without warning or regard for the passengers aboard, using submarines (specifically U-boats, the German term for submarines) Targeted innocent ships.sinking of the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner with American passengers aboard, Germany temporarily suspended unrestricted submarine warfare.( Brought US into the war when germany unsuspended it)
Gallipoli Campaign
Gallipoli Campaign (also known as the Dardanelles Campaign) took place between April 1915 and January 1916, during World War I, on the Gallipoli Peninsula in Turkey. It was an Allied attempt to open a new front against the Central Powers (primarily Germany and Austria-Hungary) by attacking the Ottoman Empire, which was allied with Germany. Failed Majorlynaval bombardment in February 1915, followed by an attempt to navigate the Dardanelles with effectively repelled the naval assault, sinking several Allied ships and demonstrating the difficulty of attacking the Dardanelles.
Battle of Somme
Battle of the Somme took place between July 1, 1916, and November 18, 1916, primarily along the Somme River in Northern France. This was no mans land and whoever crossed it would get killed. This caused mass calualties and months of trench warfare. Brits v. French.
February Revolution
when Russians faced food shortages and riots began the February Revolution.Tsarina Alexandra quickly lost control of the capital.he Duma appointed a coalition Provisional Government, but radical politicians and revolutionary parties outside the government established a sort of shadow government called the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies.hey held that land reform, civil rights protections, and polit-ical reforms should wait for a properly elected government to voice the will of the people, that they were just a caretaker organization.
Provisional Government
he Duma appointed a coalition Provisional Government, but radical politicians and revolutionary parties outside the government established a sort of shadow government called the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies. While the Provisional Government sought international legitimacy, the Petrograd Soviet organized support among the factory workers, rural peasants, and lower ranks of the Army
